Where is the triceps muscle located? Triceps tendinitis

Triceps tendinitis is a condition characterized by tissue damage to the triceps tendon, resulting in pain in the back of the elbow.

The muscle at the back of the shoulder is called the triceps. The triceps originates from the scapula and humerus and is attached to the ulna by the triceps tendon. The triceps muscle performs the function of extension at the elbow and works as an auxiliary muscle during other movements in the shoulder. During triceps contraction, the vector of movement is transmitted by the tendon. When the vector of force on the tendon is excessive or repetitive movements occur, conditions arise for damage to the triceps tendon. Triceps tendonitis occurs when the tendon is damaged, followed by degeneration and inflammation. Tendonitis can be caused by a traumatic force that exceeds the strength of the tendon or due to gradual wear and tear of the tendon tissue due to excessive loads.

Causes

The most common cause of triceps tendinitis is repetitive, excessive stress on the tendon. This is typically associated with certain movements that require forceful extension of the elbow (such as push-ups or falls). Sometimes tendon damage occurs due to a critical, extreme load on the tendon. Most often, such loads occur during weightlifting or training on exercise machines. There are several main factors that increase the risk of developing tendinitis:

joint stiffness (especially the elbow)
muscle tightening (especially triceps)
improper or excessive training
insufficient warm-up before classes
muscle weakness
insufficient recovery period between workouts
inadequate rehabilitation after an elbow injury
a history of neck or upper back injury.

Symptoms

Patients with this condition usually experience pain in the back of the elbow. In less severe cases, patients may experience only pain and stiffness in the elbow, with symptoms worsening when performing movements that require strong or repetitive contraction of the triceps muscle. These are activities such as doing push-ups, bench presses, falls, boxing punches, and hammer work.

In more severe cases, patients may experience pain that increases to acute pain when performing various types activities. Sometimes patients notice swelling in the back of the elbow and experience weakness when trying to straighten the elbow against resistance and pain or discomfort when performing movements associated with contracting the biceps. The pain may also increase when the damaged tendon comes into contact with hard objects.

Diagnostics

A doctor can make a diagnosis based on symptoms, medical history, and examination. During the examination, the doctor pays attention to the presence of swelling or redness in the triceps tendon area, and the presence of pain on palpation of the tendon. If necessary, radiography is prescribed, which allows us to exclude changes in bone tissue. MRI allows you to visualize not only the condition of bone tissue, but also the tendon itself and the degree of its damage. Laboratory research may also be prescribed when it is necessary to exclude systemic or inflammatory diseases or metabolic disorders.

Forecast

Most patients with this disease recover with adequate treatment and can return to normal activities within a few weeks. But sometimes rehabilitation can take several months, especially for those patients who did not immediately seek medical help. Timely treatment (physiotherapy, exercise therapy) is a fundamental condition for a quick recovery. Lack of adequate treatment can lead to irreversible changes in the tendon tissue.

Treatment

As a rule, it is possible to cure, but in some cases treatment is not effective. First of all, to reduce pain, you need to stop the activity that leads to increased pain. Conservative methods of treating tendonitis include: applying local cold (for 20 minutes 3-4 times a day), taking NSAIDs (for example, Movalis, Celebrex, Voltaren), using splints, orthoses, which help reduce the load on the tendon and allow the tendon tissue to recover .

Physical therapy is very effective in treating tendonitis. Various physiotherapeutic techniques are used (for example, ultrasound, cryotherapy, electrophoresis). The most modern method of treatment is the use of HILT therapy.

Exercise therapy. An exercise program specially selected by a physical therapy specialist allows you to restore how muscle strength triceps, and the elasticity and strength of the triceps tendon. Exercise therapy is started after pain and inflammation have decreased. The intensity, volume, and load are selected individually with a gradual increase.

Surgery is the only treatment for a tendon rupture and should be performed no later than 2 weeks after the rupture is diagnosed.

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Proximal attachment. Long head: inferior tuberosity of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus, above the groove radial nerve. Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, anterior to the groove of the radial nerve.

Distal attachment. Olecranon process of the ulna (via the common tendon).

Function. Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. The long head is involved in straightening and adducting the shoulder at the shoulder joint.

Palpation. For localization it is necessary to identify the following structures:
. Head of the humerus.
. The olecranon process of the ulna is a large process at the proximal end of the ulna.

Palpate the triceps muscle along its entire length from the olecranon process proximally along the posterior aspect of the shoulder.

Palpate the long head until it attaches to the scapula, then return to the general abdomen. The medial head lies under the long one, but can be pierced on the distal surface of the medial part of the shoulder. Palpate the posterolateral and posteromedial surfaces of the shoulder to detect local contractions and tense areas.

Pain pattern. The pain is localized by back surface shoulder, including the lateral epicondyle. May also be felt in the 4th and 5th fingers and/or suprascapular area. If local contractions and trigger points are in the long head, the patient may lose the ability to pull the shoulder toward the ear from an arm-up position.

Causal or supporting factors.

Excessive strain associated with pushing heavy objects or quickly straightening the forearm.

Satellite trigger points. Latissimus dorsi, major and minor round muscles, ulnar and brachioradialis muscles, supinator, extensor carpi radialis.

Affected organ system. Digestive system.

Associated zones, meridians and points.

Dorsal zone. Shao-yang triple heater manual meridian. TW 10-13.

Stretching exercise. Place the palm of the affected hand on the spine of the scapula on the same side. Pull your elbow toward your ear and back behind your head. Gentle backward pressure applied with the other hand proximal to the elbow will increase the stretch. Hold the pose until you count 10-15.

Strengthening exercise. Stand or sit in a comfortable position. Place your palm in the area of the spine of the scapula on the same side, pull your elbow towards your ear. Without moving your shoulder, straighten your elbow. Perform extension on count 2, return to initial position on the count of 4.

Repeat the exercise 8-10 times, increasing the number of repetitions as your strength increases. To increase muscle effort and strengthen them further, you can use dumbbells.

D. Finando, C. Finando

Triceps brachii, m. triceps brachii , large, long, located along the entire back surface of the shoulder, from the scapula to the olecranon.

The muscle has three heads: long, lateral and medial. At the top, at the place of their origin, the heads are covered with m. deltoideus Long headcaput Longum. begins as a wide tendon from the subarticular tubercle of the scapula, goes down, passing in the space between m. teres minor and m. teres major, and lies next to and inside the outer head.

Lateral headcaput lateralis, originates from the posterior surface of the humerus, above the groove of the radial nerve, and from the medial and lateral intermuscular septa of the shoulder. The muscle bundles of the lateral head are directed inward and downward.

medial head,caput mediale, covered by the lateral and partly long heads. It originates from the posterior surface of the humerus, below the groove of the radial nerve, and from the medial and lateral intermuscular septa of the shoulder.

All three heads come together, forming a spindle-shaped powerful abdomen, which below turns into a strong tendon attached to the olecranon process. A number of deep fascicles of the medial head are woven into the joint capsule elbow joint.

IN sometimes lies thicker than tendon ulnar intratendinous bursa,bursa intra— tendinea olecrani. In addition, two more bags lie in this area. One is small subtendinous bursa of the triceps brachii muscle,bursa subtendinea m.tricipitis brachii, located directly between humerus And inner surface triceps brachii tendons; the second one is large ulnar subcutaneous bursa,bursa subcutanea olecrani, lies between the posterior surface of the olecranon and the skin itself.

Function: due to the long head, the arm moves backward and the shoulder is brought to the body; the entire muscle takes part in the extension of the forearm.
Innervation: n. radialis (C5-C8).
Blood supply: aa. circumflexa humeri posterior, profunda brachii, collateralis ulnares superior et inferior.

All muscles upper limb It is customary to divide into 2 groups: muscles shoulder girdle and the free upper limb, which in turn consist of 3 topographic areas - the muscles of the shoulder, the muscles of the forearm and the hand. Many people mistakenly think that the muscles of the shoulder also include the muscles of the shoulder girdle, but according to the accepted anatomical classification this is not so. The shoulder is the part of the free upper limb, starting from shoulder joint and ending at the elbow joint.

All muscles of the shoulder anatomical region can be divided into posterior and anterior groups.

Anterior shoulder muscle group

These include:

biceps brachii muscle,
coracobrachialis muscle,
brachial muscle.

Double-headed

It has two heads, which is where it got its characteristic name. The long head originates with the help of a tendon from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. The tendon passes through the articular cavity of the shoulder joint, lies in the intertubercular groove of the humerus and passes into the muscle tissue. In the intertubercular groove, the tendon is surrounded by a synovial membrane, which connects to the cavity of the shoulder joint.

Short head originates from the apex of the coracoid process of the scapula. Both heads fuse together and become spindle-shaped muscle tissue. A little above the ulnar fossa, the muscle narrows and passes again into a tendon, which is attached to the tuberosity radius forearms.

Functions:

flexion of the upper limb at the shoulder and elbow joints;
supination of the forearm.

Coracobrachial

Begins muscle fiber from the coracoid process of the scapula, attached to the humerus approximately in the middle inside.

Functions:

flexion of the shoulder at the shoulder joint;
bringing the shoulder to the body;
takes part in turning the shoulder outward;
pulls the scapula down and anteriorly.

Shoulder

This is enough vastus muscle, which lies directly under the biceps. It starts from the anterior surface of the upper part of the humerus and from the intermuscular septa of the shoulder. Attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna. Function: flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.

Posterior muscle group

This group includes:

triceps shoulder,
ulna,
muscle of the elbow joint.

Three-headed

This anatomical formation has three heads, hence the name. The long head originates from the subarticular tubercle of the humerus and below the middle of the humerus passes into the tendon common to the three heads.

The lateral head starts from the posterior surface of the humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum.

The median head starts from the posterior surface of the humerus and both intermuscular septa of the shoulder. It is attached by a powerful tendon to the olecranon process of the ulna.

Functions:

extension of the forearm at the elbow joint;
adduction and extension of the shoulder due to the long head.

Elbow

It is like a continuation of the median head of the triceps brachii muscle. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and is attached to the posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna and to its body (proximal part).

Function – extension of the forearm at the elbow joint.

Elbow muscle

This is a non-permanent anatomical formation. Some experts consider it to be part of the fibers of the median head of the triceps muscle, which are attached to the capsule of the elbow joint.

Function – stretches the capsule of the elbow joint, thereby preventing it from pinching.

Muscles of the shoulder girdle

It is worth mentioning the muscles of the upper limb girdle, which are often classified as muscle formations of the shoulder:

deltoid shoulder,
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles,
small and large round,
subscapular.

Both groups of shoulder muscles are separated from each other by two connective tissue intermuscular septa, which stretch from the common brachial fascia (enveloping the entire muscular frame of the shoulder) to the lateral and medial edges of the humerus.

Shoulder muscle pain

Pain in the shoulder and shoulder girdle is a common complaint among people of various age groups. This symptom may be associated with pathology of the skeleton, joints, ligaments, but most often the cause is hidden in damage muscle tissue.

Causes

Let's look at the most common causes of pain in the shoulder area:

overstrain and sprain of ligaments, tendons, muscles;
diseases or traumatic injuries of the shoulder joint;
inflammation of the ligaments and tendons of the muscles (tendinitis);
rupture of tendons and muscles;
joint capsulitis (inflammation of the joint capsule);
inflammation of the periarticular bursae - bursitis;
frozen shoulder syndrome;
glenohumeral periarthrosis;
myofascial pain syndrome;
vertebrogenic causes of pain (associated with damage to the cervical and thoracic spine);
impingement syndrome;
polymyalgia rheumatica;
myositis of infectious (specific and nonspecific) and non-infectious nature (in autoimmune, allergic diseases, myositis ossificans).

Pain in the shoulder area can be associated with damage to bones, joints, ligaments, and damage to muscle tissue

Differential diagnosis

The following criteria will help distinguish pain in the shoulder area caused by muscle damage from joint diseases.

Sign	Joint diseases	Muscle lesions
Nature of the pain syndrome	The pain is constant, does not disappear at rest, slightly intensifies with movement	Pain occurs or increases significantly with a certain type of physical activity (depending on the damaged muscle)
Localization of pain	Unlimited, diffuse, spilled	Has a clear localization and defined boundaries, which depends on the location of the damaged muscle fiber
Dependence on passive and active movements	All types of movements are limited due to the development of pain syndrome	Due to pain, the amplitude of active movements decreases, but all passive ones are retained in full
Additional diagnostic signs	Changes in the shape, contours and size of the joint, its swelling, hyperemia	The joint area is not changed, but swelling in the soft tissue area, slight diffuse redness and an increase in local temperature may be observed with inflammatory causes of pain

What to do?

If you suffer from shoulder pain that is associated with damage to muscle tissue, the first thing you need to do in order to get rid of such an unpleasant symptom is to identify the provoking factor and eliminate it.

If after this the pain still returns, you need to visit a doctor; perhaps the cause of the pain syndrome is completely different. The following recommendations will help you quickly get rid of pain:

in case of acute pain, it is necessary to immobilize the sore arm and provide it with complete rest;
you can take 1-2 tablets of an over-the-counter pain reliever non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on your own or apply it to the affected area in the form of an ointment or gel;
massage can be used only after the acute pain syndrome has been eliminated, as well as physiotherapy;
After the pain subsides, it is important to exercise regularly physical therapy for the development and strengthening of shoulder muscles;
If a person, due to duty, is forced to perform daily monotonous movements with his hands, it is important to take care of protecting the muscles and preventing their damage (wearing special bandages, protective and supportive orthoses, performing gymnastics to relax and strengthen, undergoing regular therapeutic and preventive massage courses, etc.).

As a rule, treatment of muscle pain caused by overexertion or minor injury lasts no more than 3-5 days and requires only rest, minimal load on the arms, correction of the rest and work regime, massage, and sometimes taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. If the pain does not go away or it initially high intensity, is accompanied by other alarming signs, it is imperative to visit a doctor for examination and treatment correction.

TRICEPS BRAISE MUSCLE located in the upper back of the arm. Top part The muscle has three attachment points that connect it to the upper back of the arm and to the scapula. Bottom part muscles attached to the elbow. The triceps extends the elbow, straightening the arm (triceps is the antagonist of the biceps, which bends the arm at the elbow). When the biceps contracts to bend the arm, the triceps relaxes; when the triceps contracts to straighten the elbow, the biceps relaxes. To maintain balanced action of these muscles, it is important to train both the biceps and triceps.

Stress points develop in the triceps most often as a result of the repetitive, rapid and forceful bending and straightening of the elbow and pushing of heavy objects in weightlifting. Side kick and serve sports competitions with a racket, when playing golf, baseball and during long passes in football are examples of the action of the triceps.

When stress points appear in the triceps muscle, pain is felt throughout the entire back of the upper arm and lateral epicondyle(bony, outer edge of the elbow). The pain is particularly severe in the elbow, and the condition may even be diagnosed as epicondylitis. The pain may radiate through the back of the forearm into the little and ring fingers.

Tight bands and tension points can be in the middle (inner) part of the triceps muscle, and in the lateral (outer) part. You can determine the location of the tight bands by massaging inner part triceps thumb and the outer part - the rest. Once tension points are identified, apply pressure using a small ball. If you lie on the floor and place a ball between your hand and the floor, you can use gravity to help the muscle relax.

Stretch: Raise your arm up and back and place your affected arm on the top edge of your shoulder blade, bringing your elbow as close to your ear as possible. Use your unaffected hand to apply pressure below the elbow of your affected arm and guide it back and toward your ear.

RIGHT
The outstretched arm should be bent at the elbow.

WRONG
Do not loosen your grip on the elbow with your outstretched arm.
Do not pull too hard on your outstretched arm.
Shoulders should not slouch.