How they develop starting speed in Revenge. Development of speed qualities Speed of a hockey player during the game
It is most advantageous to push off with your leg extended at an angle of 45° to the ice. As the angle increases, the load on the pushing leg also increases: at 90° it is exactly equal to the weight of the hockey player.
Knowing the magnitude of the push, you can calculate other characteristics of the hockey player’s movement. For example, acceleration, the value of which, with proper acceleration, reaches 7 m/sec.
What is the speed of hockey players? If we accept that during repulsion the center of gravity shifts -
We conducted the following experiment. A paper strip 20 m long with marks every 0.5 m was attached to one side of the ice track. Using a high-speed synchronized movie camera, technically experienced hockey players in full uniform were filmed, from the start at the beginning of the paper strip and along its entire length. They filmed it from a distance of 30 m. It turned out that the hockey players developed an average speed of 8 m/sec at a distance of 10-12 m from the start. In further segments, the speed at the same effort remained constant - 8 m/sec.
inside the arc so that the tangential acceleration does not carry it away tangentially.
To obtain the required centripetal force (a component of body weight), a hockey player at a speed of 7 m/sec and a bend radius of 5 m must tilt 45°.
Using a simple form -
The results of the experiment confirmed that the achievement of a hockey player maximum speed has a decisive influence correct technique running, correct sequence and strength of pushes. Long sliding has a negative effect on speed. The friction of skates on ice and air resistance are small and do not matter for determining the speed of sliding. Since the amount of friction does not depend on the size of the rubbing planes, it does not matter for a hockey player whether he glides on one skate or on both. True, the friction force increases when a hockey player moves from a state of rest to movement.
On turns, which occur very often when playing hockey, two more come to the fore. important forces- centrifugal and centripetal. When driving along an arc, the components of the repulsive force must act centripetally. The athlete bends -
hundred during a match can also be found graphically by identifying all his movements on the ice on a reduced (1: 400) layout of the playing court, where all the lines that serve as reference points are indicated. The length of the player's entire path in meters is determined using a map meter. At the same time, the active playing time of this player is determined. Thus, we found that during a match the player runs 6000-8000 m. The speed of the attackers is 5.4 m sec (324 m/min), the defenders are 4.3 m sec (258 m/min). Canadian professional players reached average speeds of 6.8-8.3 m/sec, that is, 409-502 m, min.
As in other collective games, a kick in ice hockey is essential element competitions.
Experienced fans know: players hit different ways, which can be divided into strikes from the hand (with a long
at 10 cm, it is 1.2 m/sec.
According to calculations, if in further phases of repulsion the initial data remains the same (the angle of the pushing leg is 45°, the center of gravity shifts by 0.1 m), the hockey player reaches a maximum speed of 12 m/sec (about 44 km/h) already in 10 m from the start, making 10 pushes with both legs alternately.
Of course, we must take into account that we are talking about a living body. It is fundamentally impossible to maintain a constant repulsion angle of 45°, which increases with further pushes and affects the shift of the center of gravity. In addition, the calculated value of the movement speed - 1.2 m/sec - speaks only of movement in the direction of the push, and not of the resulting movement of the e-red, which may not be so fast.
To check the theoretical calculations and the mentioned regularities
The speed of movement depends to a large extent on the energy capabilities of the body: the ATP content in the muscles, the rate of its breakdown and resynthesis (recovery). The greatest practical importance for hockey players is the speed of integral motor acts (skating, dribbling, passing and throwing the puck, etc.), and not the elementary forms of manifestation of speed.
Speed in a holistic complex coordination movement depends not only on the level of speed, but also on other factors. For example, in running, the speed of movement depends on the length of the step, which, in turn, is determined by the length of the legs, repulsion force and endurance, etc.
Studies by many authors have shown that the latent reaction time decreases continuously to 17, and in some cases up to 20 years, and occurs unevenly. The highest growth rates occur between the ages of 7 and 12 years.
The frequency (tempo) of movements per unit time increases most from 7 to 9 and at 12-13 years, and after 15-16 years the rate of increase in the frequency of movements completely stops.
During initial training(8-10 years old), when young hockey players have not yet perfectly mastered skating techniques, they should not engage in special development of speed on the ice
At the age of 11-12 years, the volume of ice training increases, but a significant share of the load still falls on exercises performed on the ground and in the gym
All types of reactions are genetically determined, interconnected in a certain way and quite difficult to develop. This requires a more careful approach to the selection of children for hockey, where, along with the assessment of other qualities, it is necessary to determine the children’s ability to quickly demonstrate motor reactions using appropriate tests
The speed of performing technical techniques (dribbling, dribbling, throwing, hitting and passing the puck) is determined by the speed of tactical thinking; speed of single movement and speed of motor reaction (anticipation and to a moving object); explosive muscle power shoulder girdle and especially the hands; movement technique.
The movement technique must correspond to the level of the hockey player’s speed potential and ensure its implementation when performing a game technique. To increase the speed of performing a technique, it is necessary, first of all, to reduce preparatory actions and reduce the time for performing individual phases of movement. For example, in throws and hits, it is necessary to reduce the length of the swing and acceleration of the puck, and in order not to reduce the speed of the puck, increase special explosive force hands
Repeated performance of the same exercise usually leads to the formation of a so-called motor dynamic stereotype. In this case, the speed of movement stabilizes, a so-called speed barrier is formed, i.e., further increase in speed in movements stops.
Exercises to develop speed of motor reactions:
1. Starts from a place from various starting points: standing (face, back, side), sitting, lying down. They are carried out, but to sound and visual signals.
2. Starts in motion. They are carried out mainly on a signal signal with maximum speed of response. For example, a group moves in a circle at an average pace; at a signal (the coach raises his hand up), the group performs a slalom run at a maximum pace. At the signal (hand to the side), the group stops abruptly and begins running at maximum speed in the opposite direction. At the signal (hand behind the head), the group turns 180° and runs backwards at maximum speed.
3. Outdoor games: “Day and Night”, “Scouts and Sentinels”, “Tag-transfers”, “Circle Hunt”, “Crows and Sparrows”, etc.
4. Player No. 1 moves forward, performing various techniques: acceleration, turns, braking, feints, stops. The task of player No. 2 is to react as quickly as possible and repeat the movements of the partner.
5. Passing the puck in pairs, threes on the spot and in motion with a decrease in the distance between partners and an increase in the speed of movement of the puck. Pass the puck to your partner's feet, under an awkward hand, forcing him to quickly react to the pass. The same with a small puck, a ball.
6. Playing volleyball through a thick canvas stretched instead of a net, so that the players do not see the preparatory actions of the opposing players and quickly react to the ball suddenly appearing above the “net.”
7. Exercises with tennis balls at the wall. Player No. 1 tries to catch a ball that bounced off the wall (possibly with an uneven surface), thrown by player No. 2 into the wall from behind his partner’s back.
8. Playing table and tennis.
9. Game exercises from hockey.
Exercises to develop starting speed
1. Running at maximum speed for segments of 5, 10, 15 m from a place with and without a puck. Running uphill, running with weights, running downhill, running on sand, running on water.
2. The same exercises, but in combative pairs and trios.
3. Jumps up, long jumps, multi-jumps.
4. Outdoor games: “Counter starts”, “Run away and catch up”, “Start while chasing an opponent”, “On a treadmill”, etc.
5. Different kinds short relay races.
6. Game exercises 1X0, 2X0, 3X0, 2X1, 3X1, performed at maximum speed and with a catching defender.
Exercises to develop distance speed
1. Running 30, 60, 100 m.
2. Running 10-30 m with a high hip lift, throwing the shin.
3. Running 10-30 m downhill on the move, running with maximum frequency of leg movement in place.
4. Repeated runs of 15-40 meter segments with pauses (1-3 minutes) for rest.
5. Outdoor games: “Fleet-footed team”, etc.
Development and improvement of speed skills in hockey is one of the main areas of training professional athletes And young hockey players. About how to develop starting speed in hockey, a lot has been written scientific works, but this issue still remains poorly studied.
It is believed that a person’s speed capabilities are determined by his physical characteristics and are difficult to develop, and the maximum rate of increase in speed is observed in adolescence. However, this does not mean that the rest of the time should not include exercise to increase speed.
How to increase starting speed in hockey
There are many known means and methods for increasing the starting speed of athletes, taking into account the specifics of movements, external parameters, functional and physiological characteristics. Most of these methods work based on the general laws of adaptation:
- The human body works as a single whole and forms speed capabilities in accordance with the conditions in which it is located.
- An athlete's starting speed increases through repeated repetitions of specific movements.
- Every person is unique both in terms of structural, functional and external parameters.
- A hockey player’s adaptive abilities are determined by the specifics training process.
Exercises to develop starting speed in hockey
The training program for hockey players necessarily includes special exercises for the development of starting speed in hockey, which are designed taking into account the patterns of athlete behavior and the development of his physical characteristics. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve maximum efficiency of the training process and achieve the greatest impact from training participants.
Exercises to increase starting speed on skates:
- Techniques and feints performed at maximum speed.
- Running on short distances at maximum speed.
- Working on the ice with a lightweight puck and stick.
Speed data like others physical qualities athlete, can be developed not only during the period of best adaptation, but throughout sports career V . For getting best result he must be placed in conditions most suitable for the development of his starting speed. It should be taken into account that the specifics of positive adaptive changes directly depend on the specifics and intensity of training loads.
Few fans have ever wondered what the speed of the puck is during a shot, who makes the most powerful and fastest shots? In the history of hockey, there are several people known who are considered record holders for the speed of puck flight.
There are two main types of shots in hockey: swing shots and wrist shots. Swing shots (snaps) are considered stronger, the puck flies faster when clicked. This occurs due to the maximum amplitude of the swing, and also due to the fact that the club bends during the impact and works like a sling. Puck speed in hockey - record and history in a few paragraphs below.
Puck speed - history
The Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto has an attraction that allows anyone to try their hand at shooting. The average speed of a puck for visitors to the Hall is 120 km/h, and they are unable to catch up with such eminent record holders as Messier and Gretzky. But the most powerful shot belongs to another hockey player - the legendary Bobby Hull. The speed of the puck after his swing shot was 193 km/h, after his wrist shot – 169 km/h. Now you can’t check whether these numbers are true or not. But they are considered official and Hull’s shots go down in the history of the fastest shots in hockey.
In the NHL, puck speed began to be measured in 1990, and a little later this parameter began to be recorded in the KHL. For a long time Boston's Al Afreyt was considered the record holder. In 1990, he set a record of 154.5 km/h, three years later - 169.3 km/h. Only in 2009, the record was broken by Slovak forward Zdeno Chara - the speed of the puck after his shots was 169.6 km/h. Over time, this bar rose to 172.2 km/h.
The speed of a puck in hockey is a KHL record
Russian hockey has its own record holders - leaders in throwing power and speed. In 2011, at the all-star match in St. Petersburg, Omsk Avangard player Denis Kulyash sent the puck into the opponent’s goal at a speed of 177.5 km/h. The record was recorded and entered into the Guinness Book of Records. A year later, this record was broken by the Chelyabinsk “Traktor” player Alexander Ryazantsev. The speed of the puck after his throw was 183.7 km/h. The NHL record of 174.6 km/h somehow pales against this background. By the way, Alexander Ovechkin has second place in the National League with an indicator of 163.2 km/h. allow you to increase the speed and accuracy of throws. It is important to start working on this element again.
Formally, the world record belongs to Alexander Ryazantsev, but in Canada and the USA they believe that the record holder is Bobby Hull with an indicator of 190.4 km/h. The best solution in this case is to agree with both statements - sport should unite, and not cause unnecessary controversy, and you and I should root for our favorite team and rejoice at new records.
Many hockey fans are very interested in the question: what speed does a puck usually develop in hockey? Who has the most powerful throw? And what is the record in terms of puck speed? website I tried to summarize everything that is known about this.
There are two main types of shots in hockey - the wrist shot and the swing shot, that is, the flick. The click is more powerful. And not only because the hockey player makes a maximum swing, but also because the stick, hitting the ice in front of the puck, bends before touching the puck and actually turns into a sling. Look at this photo of Sergei Fedorov - and you will understand what is meant:
Therefore, when they talk about the speed of the puck in hockey, they mean its speed after the click. So what are the approximate numbers? we're talking about?
PUCK SPEED IN HOCKEY: A BIT OF HISTORY
There is an attraction at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. A fan stands on the goal and tries to deflect virtual shots from two of the most productive players in NHL history – Wayne Gretzky and Mark Messier. Let's be honest, the fan has little chance - the pucks fly at a speed of 110-120 km/h. Something like this average speed pucks in hockey today.
However, it was not Gretzky or Messier who, according to legend, had the most powerful shot in history. This glory belongs to another ice ace - Bobby Hull. They say that with his click he sent the puck at a speed of 193 km/h, and with his wrist shot at a speed of 169 km/h. “My hand was paralyzed for five minutes - Bobby Hull put his mark on it,” said one of his hockey contemporaries, who did not have time to dodge Bobby’s click.
There is no way to check whether these numbers are correct. Firstly, the clubs are not the same now – they are lighter. Secondly, Bobby Hull is not the same. He recently turned 76.
FROM AEFREIT TO RYAZANTSEV
The NHL began measuring the speed of the puck in 1990 - Boston's Al Afreyt showed a result of 96 mph (154.5 km/h) at the corresponding "all-star" competition. Three years later, he set a benchmark that would stand by for another 16 years: 105.2 mph (169.3 km/h). Only in 2009 was he surpassed by Slovakian Zdeno Chara - 105.4 (169.6). By the way, he is also from Boston.
Hara enjoyed breaking records - and did so a couple more times, reaching 107 mph (172.2 km/h) in 2012.
But then it suddenly turned out that in the KHL there are also hockey players who can throw through a wall. At the 2011 All-Star Game in St. Petersburg, Denis Kulyash from the Omsk Avangard threw so hard that Khara bit his elbows with envy - at a speed of 177.5 km/h, the puck he sent flew straight into the Guinness Book of Records.
Another year passed - and this achievement was surpassed by Alexander Ryazantsev, who was playing for Traktor at that moment. After his throw, the device recorded the speed of the puck at 183.7 km/h.
Against this background, the result of Nashville's Shea Weber, shown in last Match NHL stars look somehow weak - “only” 174.6 km/h (Alexander Ovechkin showed the second result - 163.2 km/h).
WHY IS KULYASH WEAKENED?
But it's not that simple. The fact is that in the NHL, players shoot at the goal from a distance of 30 feet - approximately 9.1 meters. In the KHL, during the record-breaking 2011-12, they shot from closer range. And if you think about it a little, it is clear that the initial speed of the puck is always higher than its speed at any other moment. The further away the point at which the speed is measured, the lower the value will be.
In 2014 in Bratislava, where the All-Star Game took place, Denis Kulyash was very surprised by his winning result (again) - only 162.2 km/h. But the fact is that the KHL leaders decided to move the puck from the goal to the same distance as in the NHL. And if the initial speed of the puck remained the same, then at the measuring point it fell much more strongly.
So the debate continues about who has the strongest shot in the world. But for now, the world achievement formally belongs to Alexander Ryazantsev. 183.7 km/h - this is the speed of the puck after his throw. The record was recorded on January 21, 2012. Here's the throw:
