DIY pool filtration system. How to make a pool vacuum cleaner so you can clean the pond yourself? Advantages and disadvantages of different types of filters

After one person swims for half an hour in the pool, about 30,000 microorganisms are added to the water, plus skin particles and hair. IN outdoor swimming pools dust, leaves, and various small insects are also added. All this “compote” serves as excellent food for the development of microorganisms. Previously, the problem was solved either by completely replacing the water, or by introducing living creatures that fed on microorganisms.

Today, it is expensive to change water regularly, and few people want to swim with living creatures. There is only one way out - organizing water circulation and purifying it using filtration units. There are two types of pools based on the method of water collection: overflow and skimmer. In any of them, water for cleaning is taken from the top and bottom. The collection from the bottom occurs in the same way, but from the surface in different ways.

In overflow pools, the water splashed out of the bowl enters specially constructed drains, which direct it to the tank, and from there it is supplied for filtration. This is their peculiarity: the water mirror is on the same level with the side. Since most of the pollution is in the upper layer, the most polluted part of it ends up in the drain. But if there is no movement in the pool, there is no flow of water, and therefore it cannot be cleaned. This scheme is suitable for stationary pools. For it is not applicable.

In skimmer pools, special suction holes are located in the upper part of the walls. If the structure is not stationary, then the screamers are hung on the side, immersed to a shallow depth. With this type of intake, the water mirror is located 20-30 cm below the upper edge of the side. This type of water intake for purification also has its drawbacks: contaminants are poorly removed from the surface, since the suction nozzles are located lower.

In any case, some of the pollution settles, precipitating at the bottom. To remove this sediment, you need to take water from below and then feed it to the filter. To do this, at least one water intake hole is installed at the bottom. The number of holes depends on the amount of water in the pool, the level of contamination and the intensity of use. In this case, the rule must be observed: 75% of the water is supplied to the filter from the upper layers, and 25% through the bottom water intake.

An additional function of the bottom holes is to drain water from the pool. This procedure is necessary if it is preserved for the winter and requires major cleaning and disinfection.

Water from the pool enters the coarse pre-filter, then the circulation pump supplies it to the filter station, where it is more finely purified. Further, a device for heating water, as well as a bacterial purification device (chlorine generator or ozonizer), can be installed in the system. After all the manipulations, clean and warm, it falls into the bowl.

The location of the input zones depends on the type of pool. When drawing through skimmers, purified water is supplied through holes located on the wall opposite the skimmers, and in overflow holes - at the bottom. This arrangement of water injection zones ensures that water circulates evenly throughout the entire volume, which means it is better purified.

Pump power calculation

The efficiency of the cleaning system is ensured by the pump: it drives water in a circle. Their parameters are selected based on the volume of the pool, the number of swimmers and the time during which it will be connected to the network.

In a small artificial reservoir for home use, liquid should be pumped through filters 3-5 times per day. Based on these parameters, you determine the required pump performance. Just keep in mind that the equipment will not work for 24 hours (this is not a public swimming pool), but not more than 5-12 hours. So its power should be enough for the water to be purified as many times as possible during this time.

Intex Filter Pump for filtering pool water. Supply voltage 220-240 volts. Productivity - 5678 liters per hour

For example, in a pool there is 10 m 3 of water. The equipment will operate for 4 hours. 10m3 will be pumped four times during operation. It turns out that 40 cubic meters must be “pumped” in 4 hours. 40 m 3 / 4 hours = 10 m 3 / hour. It turns out that to solve the problem, you need a pump and filter that can process at least 10 cubic meters per hour. This is the required pump performance for a given pool with this operating mode.

Types of Pool Filters

Filters are used to purify the water in the pool. They are distinguished by the material used for filtration. There are:

mechanical,
chemical,
combined,
electrophysical.

Mechanical filters

Sand, a special membrane (woven or not), and activated carbon are usually used as a filter element. Their operating principle is simple: passing through a layer of sand, a membrane or a layer of coal, most of the contaminants settle on them. At the output we have water without most of the impurities, which returns to the pool. This is an option for water purification without chemicals, but it is acceptable only for small volumes of water: no more than 10 m3.

Depending on the filtration material used, mechanical filters are:

Electrophysical filters for swimming pools

Electrophysical filters for swimming pools appeared not so long ago. They use ozone, ultraviolet radiation, copper and silver ions for purification.

Pool water purification with ozone- one of the most harmless and environmentally friendly methods. The process uses the powerful oxidative properties of ozone, which, passing through water, destroys all bacteria without changing the composition of the water. During the reaction, ozone is released back into the atmosphere.

Advantages of this method:

The high oxidative activity of ozone destroys almost all harmful organisms.
When processed in water, the amount of oxygen increases, which leads to the absence of odors.

Not bad, but there are also significant drawbacks:

To carry out ozonation, a special installation is required. It's expensive.
An overdose of ozone is harmful to the body. For the concentration to be safe, it should be no more than 0.03 mg/m3, that is, three and a half times less than chlorine. The situation is complicated by the fact that the effect of this substance on the body has not yet been fully studied, and what is known does not inspire optimism. In Germany, for example, the use of new installations is prohibited.

Way pool water purification with silver and copper based on the process of electrolysis. As a result, non-ferrous metal ions are released into the water, destroying bacteria and algae. The water does not change its composition, nor does it change color or smell. This cleaning method has one drawback - it cannot neutralize fungi.

The scheme for cleaning and disinfecting the pool in this case is simple: after the filter, a container with electrodes made of the appropriate metal is installed, to which direct current is supplied. The ions it knocks out disinfect the water.

Usage ultraviolet radiation– another way to purify pool water without chemicals. The effectiveness of ultraviolet light is known to everyone, but this method will not work in cloudy or heavily polluted water. This processing method saves everything beneficial features water, but the effect does not last long: microorganisms that enter the water after treatment successfully multiply. Therefore, this method is recommended to be combined with some type of reagents.

Chemical treatment of pool water

Chemical filtration systems purify water using reagents and can carry out one or more operations simultaneously (depending on the model). To ensure high-quality cleaning of the pool, it is recommended to carry out a whole range of measures:

For primary water purification when using chemical filters, nets, nets, and vacuum cleaners are used, which do a good job of removing large particles. Reagents handle the rest.

Combined filtration systems

Combined filtration systems contain both mechanical and chemical filters. Since this pleasure is expensive (both the equipment itself and the filters/reagents), such systems are installed in large and public swimming pools. If you install a sand filter, and after it, for example, an ultraviolet installation, this will be a combined system. Since there are many devices, there can be many combinations. Below is a drawing of a water filtration and disinfection system in a large stationary pool. In addition to the sand or cartridge filter, there is:

heat exchanger, with which for;
circulation pump providing the required pressure;
ozonation systems (3), ultraviolet treatment (2) and chlorination (4).

Only such multi-component purification can guarantee the safety of water in public swimming pools, and even then not 100%. But for a small pool in a bathhouse, it is quite enough to use mechanical filters and periodically drain the water, carry out mechanical and perhaps chemical cleaning of the bottom and walls of the pool.

Types and manufacturers of water filtration pumps

No pool water filtration system will work without a pump. In most cases, filters are already supplied with pumps, since their operating parameters must be coordinated: if the filter cannot cope with the water flow supplied by the pump, it will work with overloads and will soon fail.

Pool pumps can be divided by type of action into:

Circulating. Installed in front of the filter. This is the option when you buy a filter separately and a pump separately.
Self-priming or submersible. This type of pump is lowered into the pool and from there through a hose supplies water to the filter. This type is good for collecting dirt from the bottom. It can be used for temporary pools - frame and inflatable, since cleaning the bottom is difficult.
Filtering. This is a filter station - a set of filter and pump.

For swimming pools in a bathhouse, it is advisable to use pumps with built-in filters. They carry out the initial rough purification of water from the largest impurities. Filter pumps last generations- small in size and quite powerful devices. For example, one of the market leaders, Intex, offers filter pumps that can pump from 2 m 3 to 9.5 m 3 in an hour.

Bestway produces filter pumps that pump from 2 to 3 cubic meters of water per hour. For a small pool in a bathhouse, only such equipment may be sufficient. But you need to take into account that they cannot pump water out of the pool and remove contaminants from the bottom. But two devices - a filter + a pump - will cost several times less than a pair - a pump and a filter station, and dirt and sludge from the bottom can be removed with a vacuum cleaner, the drainage system can be designed so that it works without a pump. There is also another way - to use a more powerful pump so that the dirt does not have time to settle, but is picked up in the upper layers.

But for those who like all auxiliary work to be carried out automatically, a filter station is an excellent option. Dear, really. A filter station is a set of filter and pump, which can have several additional functions:

There are two types of filter stations for swimming pools: mounted and ground-mounted. Mounted ones are simply hung on the side and connected to a 220 V network; they are suitable for stationary and frame ones. Only land-based options can work with inflatable ones.

Hanging filters for stationary pools are good because there is no need to make holes in the walls for nozzles. This is an excellent solution if you forgot to install the embedded parts and failed to install the water supply and drainage pipes. In this case, there is no need to break the bowl and install the necessary fittings.

Powerful pool pump Kripsol Koral KS-150. Productivity - 21.9 m3/h. Supply voltage - 220 volts.

Pool pumps with a steel body are almost never produced. This is due to the peculiarities of their use: steel actively comes into contact with oxygen, chlorine and many other cleaning substances. Therefore, they are mostly produced from plastic, if the models are made of copper. Steel housings can be seen in filter stations that purify water only using ultraviolet light without the use of any reagents.

DIY pool water filter

The filter itself is a simple device and there are several homemade options, which will maintain the normal state of water in a small pool.

Floating filter for a small swimming pool in a bathhouse

For such a device you will need a piece of polypropylene pipe about 2.5-3 meters with a diameter of 50 mm, an angle of the same diameter, one or more cartridges that are used for water purification (their diameter is 50 mm, therefore the diameter of the pipe is such), a pump and a pin M12 with thread of the required length. How does this filter work? At the bottom of the pipe, a pump pumps water, it passes through the filters and pours out through the corner back into the pool.

Assembled pool water filtration system

We drill a hole in the cartridges and the corner, string them onto a pin, and insert them into the pipe. We take the pin out through the hole in the corner and fix it with a nut. The pump is quite suitable from those used for aquariums. It is connected to the lower end of the pipe. DIY pool filter assembled. To make it “float”, several pieces of high-density foam can be attached at the top and bottom.

Not the most productive unit, but it is very simple, inexpensive and does not require connecting a bunch of hoses.

Do-it-yourself sand filter for a pool

The design of the sand filter is simple and straightforward: a plastic or metal container is filled with various fractions of sand, on which polluting particles settle.

It is problematic to use metal for the filter housing: it is susceptible to corrosion and if you at least periodically use water purification products, it will certainly react with them. So it is better to choose a plastic container. If you find one with an airtight closing lid, you will solve many problems. Sand for a pool filter can be purchased in specialized stores. You can, of course, try to use river sand, but definitely not quarry sand: it can clog the pump.

The photo next to it shows a cross-section of a sand filter. This is one of the options. Water is supplied to top part, passing through the sand, it is cleaned, and below, through a system of thin tubes in which small holes are drilled, it is collected and discharged through the second pipe.

The design can be made even simpler. Then the supply pipe or hose is connected through the cover. Water can also be withdrawn only using a hose connected at the bottom of the tank. To prevent sand from being sucked in with the water, it can be covered with several layers of filter fabric. But such a system is not very effective: this piece of fabric will clog quickly. The problem can be solved if microscopic holes are made in the bottom, and another container is installed below, into which already filtered water will flow. In this case, the outlet pipe is connected not at the very bottom, but a little higher, so that any grains of sand that end up in the container settle, and clean water is supplied to the pool.

The pump can be used to pump water from a pool or pump it out of a barrel. Both schemes work. Whichever one you think is more effective, use it. You will need to connect two strong hoses to the barrel: through one, contaminated water will be supplied to the barrel, through the other, purified water will be discharged. To ensure maximum cleaning, it is advisable to separate them as far as possible. Ideally - in opposite corners of the pool. This will ensure good circulation.

Conclusions. Large pools are not only expensive to build, but also expensive to maintain. For small pools In or near a bathhouse, it is enough to purchase a filter pump, a filter station with quartz sand (a more expensive option), or make a sand filter yourself.

Does your pool, in addition to the joy of bathing and swimming, cause you trouble in the form of quickly polluted water? Did the cost of filters for cleaning it, which are offered in specialized stores, shock you? Agree, it would be nice to get a filter device for a reasonable price.

You don't have to buy expensive devices for this. You can make an effective sand filter for your pool with your own hands, which will adequately purify the water from foreign matter. We will help you cope with this task - the article provides step-by-step instructions on how to make such a filter on your own.

We provided the construction process with visual photographs and videos on how to independently create simple and effective filter devices.

Owners of small inflatables often do not think about water purification. After bathing, it is simply used for household needs and watering the garden.

If necessary, fill the container again with clean water. However, this method is justified only for very small inflatable pools.

Without proper care, the water column itself becomes polluted and microorganisms and bacteria settle in it. Algae give the liquid an unpleasant odor and green color. Swimming in such a pool becomes dangerous

But even with them there is enough hassle - the water becomes polluted after the first bath. After draining the liquid, the surface must be washed and filled with clean water, which must still warm up. But in hot weather you want to swim more than once - children, for example, splash there all the time.

In addition to the pollution caused by man, standing water Various natural pollutants also constantly enter, these are:

leaves and grass;
dust;
bird droppings;
plant pollen.

Large and light debris is removed from the surface of the pool with nets, and particles settled to the bottom are removed with a water vacuum cleaner.

However, many substances dissolve or remain suspended in water. Under the influence of sunlight and atmospheric oxygen, bacteria and microorganisms begin to actively multiply in such a liquid. It begins to emit an unpleasant odor, bloom and can cause poisoning and serious illnesses.

Therefore, it is necessary to clean not only the surface and sedimentary formations, but also the water column itself. An effective way to maintain water in normal condition at all times is to include it in the water supply system.

Installing a filter for water treatment in a pool allows you to maintain proper sanitary and hygienic condition of the bowl and relieves swimmers from a number of diseases

Advantages of sand filtration device

Three types of filters are used to purify pool water:

diatoms;
cartridge;
sand.

Diatomaceous. Best quality cleaning and reliable operation are ensured by the diatomaceous earth (also called diatomite) type of filter device. However, such a unit is expensive due to the use of an expensive product that performs ultra-fine filtration and adsorption, in addition to eliminating a number of bacteria.

The filter elements of the cartridge variety are the devices on which the name of this group of filters is based. This is the most convenient, but not very popular type of water purification device due to the price. True, they are more affordable than the previous ones.

Cartridge packages made from natural raw materials (fossil skeletal mass) provide high quality cleaning and neutralize most germs, but have a high price

Cartridge devices They have a simple design and can be easily disassembled for cleaning and replacing the main element. The cleaning component is a cylindrical cartridge consisting of polypropylene membranes.

Such filters have low performance, so they are suitable only for small pools. The cartridges themselves have to be washed frequently (once a day) and replaced.

Cartridge-type filters are quite compact. They are installed by the pool or directly in the tank. However, due to low productivity, they are used for small-volume pools

Sand filters capable of efficiently servicing fairly large tanks. The filter layer is quartz sand. The units have a simple structure and can be assembled on their own. At the same time, the cost of the finished cleaning system will be approximately 2 times lower than the purchased one.

In addition to mechanical methods for purifying pool water, they are also used to promote the precipitation of contaminants, after which they are simply collected with a net or similar device.

Making a sand filter

The sand filter for the pool has a simple and reliable device. Main components of the design:

airtight container with a wide neck;
supply pipe;
sand;
intake device;
outlet pipe.

The sand reservoir is made of a material that is not subject to aggressive influences. Most often, plastic barrels are used for this. At the bottom there is a device for collecting purified water.

This is a small drainage chamber to which an outlet pipe is connected. Its walls are made of fine mesh, the cell sizes of which are smaller than the particles of sand used. The filter element is purified sand with fractions of 0.4-0.8 mm - quartz or glass. The first is a democratic option and needs to be replaced every 2-3 years.

The second one is more expensive, but it lasts for 5 years. There are multilayer models. The filler in this case consists of layers with different sizes fractions - from larger to smaller, or from several types of filter elements - sand, anthracite, gravel.

The main condition for the performance of a sand filter is the quality of the filler. You cannot use sand that is too fine (with fractions less than 0.4 mm) - it will clog the intake mesh and the system will stop working. Using coarse sand will reduce the quality of cleaning

Stage #1 - getting acquainted with the operation of the sand filter

The principle of operation of the filter is to mechanically sift out particles suspended in the water column (mineral and organic origin) by passing it through sand in a vertical direction - from top to bottom.

The reservoir is not completely filled with the filter element. When the container is closed, a sealed receiving chamber is formed above the surface of the filler, into which water from the pool flows.

Seeping through the layer of the filter element, the water is purified. Contaminants settle on sand particles, so it must be fairly fine. Clean water accumulates in a bottom drainage chamber, from which it flows back into the pool through the outlet pipe.

The liquid is pumped through the filter by a pump that is installed in close proximity to the tank. It can be installed on the supply line (before the filter) or on the outlet line (between the filter and the pool).

In the first case, a slight pressure is created in the receiving chamber of the filter, which forces water through the filler. In the second, the suction of liquid from the drainage chamber creates a slight vacuum in the upper part, due to which water from the pool is sucked into the system.

As the product is used, the filter element gradually becomes dirty. The quality of cleaning decreases. To resume normal operation of the unit, the sand is washed.

To do this, clean water from the pool is passed through the filter in the opposite direction - from bottom to top. The washing liquid filled with suspensions is removed from the upper part of the filter into the sewer.

The pump is installed in front of the sand tank. In this case, water is pushed through the sand under pressure, which is created by a pump installed on the supply in a hermetically sealed filter container.
The pump is installed after the filter. This creates suction and vacuum in a hermetically sealed container with sand. Due to this, liquid is sucked from the pool into the tank.
Purified water is pumped by a pump installed after the filter. Water from the pool flows into the sand reservoir by gravity.

Industrially manufactured sand filters perform cleaning according to the first scheme. They are equipped with pressure gauges and a safety group to relieve excess pressure.

When designing with your own hands, the choice of connection option largely depends on the components already available on the farm, on the type of pool and on how the drains are organized in it.

Stage #3 - we prepare the body

If you have a sealed container of sufficient volume that can operate under pressure, then you can safely build a filtration system according to the first scheme.

The filter chamber can be a housing from a membrane-type expansion tank. In this case, it must be freed from the “pear” (membrane) and treated from the inside with paint that protects against rust formation.

An effective sand filter can be built from an old membrane expansion tank, which will work in a similar way to commercially available units. There will be no complaints about the tightness and strength of such a tank, the main thing is to ensure that the cut-in fittings are sealed

You can also use a polypropylene barrel with a volume of at least 60 liters. These are often found at dachas. This material is resistant to aggressive influences and is not subject to corrosion. But not all of them will be able to withstand the pressure. Most often, in such homemade designs, the lid is torn out, but the body itself can also burst - in a thin place.

Ideal for organizing water filtration according to the second or third scheme. However, if water is pumped by suction, then the lid is installed with additional sealing. Even a small air leak affects the operation of the system.

Stage #4 - cutting in fittings and internal elements

It is necessary to ensure that dirty water enters the filter and purified water is pumped out. To do this, fittings are cut into the walls of the housing or into the lid. The insertion zones are carefully treated on both sides with a sealing compound.

Many people dream of building a swimming pool in their country house, but do not have a proper understanding of the importance of a filtration system. In order for the pool to serve for many years and delight you with the purity of the water, it is necessary to regularly monitor the condition of the water masses. It is important that the composition of the water is no different from drinking water. It is worth paying attention to the impact on the sewer system, equipment and mechanisms. You should constantly carry out preventive maintenance and monitor the operation of the filtering equipment to avoid corrosion and harm to the health of the swimmer.

Pool design diagram.

The main misconceptions that pool owners have are related to the process of water disinfection. Often, people who have paid enormous amounts of money to create a swimming pool decide to use cheaper equipment to disinfect the water. But after some time they begin to correct the mistakes made, since the water has the smell of chlorine and the color is very unsightly. Not everyone is familiar with modern water filtration techniques and is ready to put up with the troubles that arise. But you shouldn’t ignore more efficient and advanced technologies. Moreover, in total, the costs of installing and operating these methods are much lower than those purchased at low prices.

If you use low-quality, cheap filter equipment, the costs of repairs and treatment for swimming in muddy water will increase many times over.

Continuous outflow and inflow of water is the first condition for high-quality operation of the pool. This condition is necessary to avoid excess water consumption and, most importantly, its condition.

The water filtration system occurs in the following sequence:

Water filtration scheme.

water intake from the pool;
filtration, heating and disinfection of water;
water supply to the pool;

There are currently two water filter options:

When operating a swimming pool, the main thing is to maintain a balance in hydraulics, filtration, heating, and disinfection. The hydraulic process consists of taking water from the pool, returning it back, uniformly distributing it filtered and heated to the optimal temperature over the entire surface of the pool.

To build a filtration system you will need:

Pool water filtration equipment.

six-position tap;
sand filter;
dust suction pump;
circulation pump;
prefilter;
skimmer (quantity depends on the selected type);
control box;
vacuum cleaner intake;
water supply nozzles;
heat exchanger;
flow dispenser (for supplying chlorine);
bowl for draining.
water pipes.
welding equipment;
adjustable wrenches;
Bulgarian.

The main task of pool water filtration is to purify water from impurities (mechanical, biological origin). During the filtration process, the water becomes crystal clear and transparent. At the same time, the content of organic impurities in the water is reduced. In this regard, chemical reagents are used to a lesser extent.

Sand filter design diagram.

On this moment Sand filters have become the most popular. The principle of their operation is based on the purification of water, which is passed through quartz sand. This sand has outstanding characteristics. The sand filter is characterized by a high degree of productivity, quality of water purification, ease of operation and increased service life.

Sand filters can be single-layer or multi-layer. Single-layer sand filters operate on quartz sand of one fraction. Multilayer sand filters can use sand of both three and five fractions, ranging from coarse to fine. Mixed sand filters are less commonly used, where in addition to quartz sand an absorbent composition is used.

Sand filters differ from each other in the speed of water filtration, level of backfill, and installation method.

When assembling a filtration system, it is extremely important to select the power of the filtering equipment. The power depends on the volume of water in the pool. The filtration process in stationary home pools involves circulating water 2-3 times a day. As for hydromassage pools, water is run 10 times per day. If the water temperature rises, then disinfection measures also increase.

The filtration system consists of:

Diagram of the filter installation.

pool filters;
circulation pump. This pump helps the water flow into the water intake valves from the pool;
six position valve. A six-position valve is necessary to switch one of the stages of work: cleaning, backwashing, compaction, running water without cleaning, emptying, shutting off the water flow.

Selecting a pump is a very difficult task. To choose the most optimal option, you need to consider:

filter type;
volume of purified water;
pollution level.

Circulation pumps are often equipped with a pre-filter. The pump pre-filter allows for primary water purification. At this stage, the largest particles of dirt are removed. Then the water goes straight into the sand filter. Here the smallest elements of pollution are removed from the water. Then the clean water goes back into the pool.

Installation of a filtration unit in a skimmer pool.

It is imperative to regularly clean the filters. The level of filter clogging with dirt can be controlled. Why should a pressure gauge be installed in a six-position valve? The principle of control is observation. As a result, as the filter gets dirty, more pressure is required to force water into it. As a result, the pressure gauge needle tilts towards a dangerous number.

This indicates the need to wash the water filter as soon as possible. The frequency of this washing directly depends on the type of pool, the level of contamination, the number of users, and the chemicals used. To make the filtration process as efficient as possible, it is necessary to install an automatic six-position valve. In this case, the filter will be cleaned automatically.

When constructing a swimming pool in a private house, builders give preference to the skimmer type of filtration. This type is based on the outflow of water into the filtration equipment through special water intake elements from the surface. The number of skimmers depends on the size of the pool. One standard skimmer is capable of treating about 25 m2 of area.

Diagram of an overflow pool.

Clean water returns to the pool bowl through nozzles located on the walls of the pool. Nozzles are usually mounted opposite the skimmers. Skimmers must be installed so that the water level is in the middle of this device. Provided that there was open space from the surface of the water to the sides of the pool.

After the skimmer is installed, it is connected to the bottom drain. This action helps to achieve water filtration on all layers of water. The next step is to install the float valve. It helps maintain a constant water level in the pool.

After being cleaned, heated and disinfected, the water returns to the pool. Returns are carried out along the same route, that is, through wall nozzles. Accordingly, this process of water circulation occurs from wall to wall. The next stage is emptying. This process occurs through the bottom drain naturally or using pumping equipment.

Construction of an overflow pool is more expensive. Displacement based water circulation is applicable to any pool shape. The difference from the previous filtration option is that the surface and sides of the pool are at the same height. In this option, the cleaning chute is mounted around the entire perimeter of the pool. Water, passing through the gutter, flows into the storage tank.

After the tank, it goes to the filter unit using pumping equipment. In the filtration compartment, the water is purified, heated and disinfected. After completing these procedures, it is gradually introduced into the pool through nozzles located at the base of the pool. The uniformity of water flows assumes equal cross-sections of all conductors.

Water purification and disinfection are combined into one system, which must be strictly regulated and unified by a set of sanitary and epidemiological rules.

Disinfection of water in public swimming pools occurs using:

DIY sand filter diagram for a pool.

chlorine, which, in turn, is supplied using vacuum chlorinators;
silver electrolyte solution;
ozonation;
chemicals, manually.

Filters are used for manual cleaning. Several layers are poured into the filters chemical compositions.

A similar mechanism uses:

self-priming pump;
filter tank;
Transmission.

Filtration equipment is produced in various modifications. A mandatory element today is the presence of an automation system. Automation allows you to measure, regulate and dose water and chemicals. This, in turn, helps save water and chemical consumption.

It is also worth remembering that there are different models of water purification cartridges. Cartridge filters are suitable for both domestic and public pools.

To clean the pool yourself, you should carry out the following work:

mechanical cleaning (getting rid of organic matter);
dry cleaning;
cleaning the walls and base of the pool using improvised means.

Using the above methods in combination, you can for a long time admire the cleanliness of the pool mirror. In no case should you forget about the prevention of the surfaces of the pool bowl with special automatic equipment. But it is always worth remembering that under no circumstances should you fill the pool from open water bodies. The water in them is inhabited by various microorganisms, which will require a lot of time and money to filter. And also the water from these sources will have an unpleasant swampy color and smell.

The pool should be filled with household water, since it has already been passed through filters. Therefore, it is safer, and the dose of chemical compounds can be reduced.

(17 ratings, average: 4,50 out of 5)

Pump- this is the most significant element of the pool. Of course, a lot depends on it, namely how well it was selected, what properties it has, and whether it was professionally installed. Accordingly, all this will affect the service life of your pool. Without a doubt, it is very pleasant to swim in a pool with clear water, however, the water itself does not become clear.

Systematization of water pumps

All pool pumps can be divided into four categories:

self-priming;
circulating with normal suction;
filtering;
thermal with heating.

The self-priming pump is the heart of the pool's water regime.

They are placed above the pool, as they can pump water and throw it up to a height of about 3 meters. The key mission is to provide water filtration.

Typically, a pool pump is included in the filter equipment package. In accordance with this, the productivity (output) of its mechanism and the filter mechanism must coincide. You might be wondering why?

If the pump turns out to be “more powerful,” then it will incredibly quickly “pump” water into the filter, forcing it to function under overload. Resulting in, the quality of cleaning work will decrease, and the filter component will fail in one fell swoop.

Circulation pump for the pool. These are used as spare ones. The work is done in such a way that with their help they form a fountain or bubbles in a certain area, that is, they directly absorb water into the ozonizer and release the already enriched water back. Let’s say that for personal use it is advisable to choose a low-steam circulation one, but for pools with aqua rides and fountains, high-steam models are better suited, where the power will exceed 2 kW.

Filtering. The smallest and most compact pump of all presented. Often such models are designed frame pools. In operation they are easy and understandable, but the usefulness really cannot be overestimated: the pump filters the water (eliminating debris, leaves), thereby preventing the formation of aquatic plants on the walls.

Thermal heated. Such pumps extend the swimming season for owners almost until late winter. The pump, in addition to pumping water, also heats the water in the pool. It is worth noting the interesting fact that such heating is much cheaper than gas heating. By the way, the savings are real - fivefold!

Pool filter pump

Now let's talk about filters (water purification systems). Filters are necessary in order to mechanically protect the purity of water and not change it very often. The principle of operation of all filters is based on the study of contaminated water through a layer of filter material, which retains the finest impurities, throwing out the already purified liquid. There are a huge number of filters, however, according to their design, they are divided into only 3 groups:

sandy;
diatoms;
cartridge

Sandy

This the cheapest type of filters, similar to a large tank filled with sand. The sand itself in such structures plays the role of a filtering material (cleaning) and frees the water from all kinds of contaminants. Quartz sand for pool filters is an element of a large fraction, which is capable of inhibiting only particles of at least 20 microns in size. Note that this will be enough to keep the water in the pool clean for a long time. Of course, it is best to choose a filter for an inflatable pool that allows you to change the water more often than is possible in large, stationary models.

Sand filters for pools require weekly maintenance, that is, cleaning, otherwise silted sand will cease to perform its function. To do this, the reverse flow method is used, when water is driven through the filter in the opposite direction and washes away contaminants from the sand. This process occurs under pressure and lasts for some time until the material is thoroughly cleaned, therefore leads to impressive water consumption. Referring to this, we can say that a sand filter is not suitable if the application water resources limited.

Diatomaceous

These are filters newest generation, the installation of which includes special cartridges filled with a special powder from fossil plankton. The particles of the filter material are very small; therefore, they purify the water from impurities, from 3 to 5 microns. Diatomaceous earth powder is much more productive than sand, which is why the water passing through the diatomaceous earth filter cartridges is perfectly clean. To clean such a filter at the first pores, among other things, return cleaning with clean water is carried out. Meanwhile, after a certain time, such a concept ceases to function and a complete replacement of the diatom mixture will be required.

Cartridge

Cartridge devices, both in cost and efficiency, occupy the “golden mean” between sand and diatomaceous earth filters. In most cases, they consist of 3–4 cartridges made of polypropylene or polyester, which accept mechanical particles up to 5–10 microns in size. In order to clean the cartridge filter, you need to rinse it under a powerful stream of water. If the filter becomes unusable, it can always be replaced with a new one, that is, a similar product that can be found in any specialty store.

By accurately selecting and installing the necessary equipment in your pool, that is, a pool cleaning pump, you save yourself a lot of hassle associated with water purification, and engage in a more pleasant activity - water procedures in crystal clear water. Thus, filtration pumps are an essential attribute of any pool.

How to calculate the required pump performance?

We turned to a specialist, he advised us, and this is what we learned. We need a self-priming pump for our pool filtration system. But here is a fact: for pools of different water volumes, pumps of different performance will be needed. In this case, how is the calculation performed? According to sanitary standards, the time for complete water exchange in a pool water purification system is 6 hours. During this billing period, the pump must pump the entire volume of water in the pool.

Therefore, the productivity (throughput) of the pump is equal to the volume of water (cubic meters) in the pool / 6 hours. Let’s say for a pool with a volume (size) of 30 cubic meters, you need a pump with a load of 5 cubic meters. at one o'clock. Then let’s make a reservation that we have obtained the lowest (calculated) value of pump output. To ensure accurate operation of the filtration system, it is necessary to take into account the potential loss of pump output; therefore, we add a little to the calculated value. For our sample (pool 30 cubic meters), a pump with a capacity of 7 - 8 cubic meters is perfect. m per hour.

What points should you pay attention to when purchasing?

Purpose. The pump must first match its direction. In particular, purchasing it for a shallow pool will entail extra costs for electricity. Therefore, it is extremely important that the pump meets your needs.
Noise level. Often this aspect is not taken into account when choosing. But in vain! However, after a couple of days of use, an excessively loud pump can become a real test for you and simply ruin your vacation. It is better to give preference to quieter models.
Protection. When purchasing, be sure to inspect the protection system of the pump concept, the integrity of the insulation and the degree of protection of the motor.
Availability of filtration. Some pump models are equipped with coarse filters. Just the water filtration pump prevents any small objects, leaves and other impurities from getting inside. If there is no such filter in the pump, then be sure to buy additional filtration devices.

If you figure out how to make a pool vacuum cleaner with your own hands, your outdoor pond will always be clean. It will give you real joy from taking water treatments.

Having your own swimming pool, built in the country house or courtyard of a private house, brings a lot of pleasure. However, you need to understand that this design requires regular cleaning. If you do not clean it, very quickly the luxurious pool will turn into a large puddle in which frogs and other living creatures will appear. It is clear that no one will use such an unattractive reservoir. The specific interval between cleanings is selected taking into account where the pool is located (in a pavilion, on the street), what its geometric parameters are (length, width, capacity), and how often it is used.

Pool cleaning

It is recommended to clean outdoor structures every 3-4 days. This frequency is due to the fact that they constantly get debris and leaves. Even in cases where you have equipped your pool with a high-quality filtration system, it must be cleaned within the specified time frame, since no filters can prevent the accumulation of plaque in the bowl.

In principle, it is not at all difficult to clean the water with which the structure is filled. There is a special one for this. But cleaning the bottom of the pool and its sides from sediment requires considerable effort. Previously, a similar operation was performed as follows: water was drained from the bowl and the sludge was removed manually. This procedure required considerable effort and time. And the cost of water, which must be constantly drained and refilled, is not at all small.

Drainage pumps allowed us to solve these problems. With their help, cleaning the pool has become easier. Especially if you have installed an automatic or semi-automatic pump. Similar equipment from well-known manufacturers (Intex, AquaTron, Watertech) cleans water facilities independently using special brushes. Perfect option. But, unfortunately, submersible units (the same Intex) are not cheap. Not everyone wants to equip their country hot tub with such a pump.

Pool cleaning chemicals

Currently, owners of small country pools most often use hand-held vacuum cleaners to care for them.

They are made in the form of simple designs with a brush and a bar. After starting, the hand-held vacuum cleaner begins to remove accumulated sediment and all other contaminants from the sides and bottom. Dirt is sucked up by the unit and retained on the filter. The technique is simple and understandable. Its only drawback is that you have to change the filters on the vacuum cleaner quite often. Manual cleaners are ideal for film frame, inflatable and any other small-capacity pools. And most importantly, you can make a vacuum cleaner for your country pool yourself, spending mere pennies on such an operation. Let's talk about this.

A homemade vacuum cleaner is very simple to make. You need to stock up on the simplest materials that are available in any store that sells sanitary equipment, and spend a minimum of time performing all the necessary operations. You will need to purchase:

brush;
plunger, plumbing fitting (they will be used as a basic intake nozzle);
corrugated hose;
, plugs and tee.

DIY brush

You can use any brush for the water cleaner. If you don’t want to suffer, you can use the one that comes with your home vacuum cleaner and is never used (or very rarely). With this brush you can clean your pool. But there is one problem. Vacuum cleaner brushes are usually small in size. This means that the process of cleaning the pool can be seriously delayed (even when you have a small inflatable or frame bowl).

If you don't plan on spending too much time cleaning, it's advisable to make your own brush. The instructions in this case are simple. Take a polypropylene pipe. Cut a part from it (about 0.25–0.3 m), and then make a 4–5 mm slot along the cut piece of tubular product. After this, cut the completed workpiece in half, insert both parts into a plastic tee, solder them, and close both halves at the edges with plugs (polypropylene). In the third outlet of the tee, install another piece of polypropylene pipe (now whole, without cuts). This part will serve as an adapter between the hose and the brush.

The homemade manual device for cleaning the pool is ready. It can already be connected and used. But it’s better to slightly improve our brush so that it works more efficiently. To do this, just glue an elastic band from a regular wiper installed on the windshield onto a polypropylene pipe with a slot. vehicle. This brush additive removes dirt from the bottom and sides of the pool very well.

If desired, instead of a rubber band, you can mount a strip with stiff bristles or any other device on the pipe that will effectively remove dirt. All additional parts are either screwed to the pipe with small universal screws or glued. In the latter case, you need to use a good adhesive, since we will place the hand-made brush in water. There should be no burrs or sharp corners on the edges of the brush. These defects can tear the surface of inflatable pools and scratch frame structures.

Let's move on to the final work. We need to make the pool water vacuum cleaner airtight. To do this, take a corrugated transparent hose, mount it to the place where the water is drawn, and securely fix it.

Cleaning the pool with a vacuum cleaner

Connecting the corrugation is carried out using two methods:

Take a plumbing plunger and make a hole strictly in its center. Insert a small piece of polypropylene pipe into the latter. Then place the plunger on the water intake.
Purchase a plumbing fitting (sewer adapter) and install it on the water intake. Here it is important to choose a part that would fit the hose as tightly as possible and ensure a tight connection.

Now we need to build a handle for our homemade cleaner. It is made from polypropylene pipe. The handle should be connected to the brush. Holder length for homemade vacuum cleaner take no more than 200 cm. After assembling and installing our device, you can start the pump and check its functionality. In cases where the water is sucked in without problems, cleaned in the filter device and discharged back into the font, it is allowed to begin cleaning the pool.

Experts advise starting this process from the side parts of the bowl. Clean the walls of the pool using a vertical brush stroke (be sure to remove dirt from areas above the water as well). Then remove the sludge from the bottom. The entire process of cleaning a medium-sized pool will take you 50–60 minutes at most.