Medial lip of linea aspera. Femur (femur)

Free lower limb, pars libera membri inferioris.
Femur femur (osfemoris). - Rice. A, B.
Head of the femur, wf femoris. Rice. A, B.
Fossa of the head of the femur, fovea capitis femoris. Recess for attachment of the ligament of the head. Rice. A, B.
Neck of the femur, collum femoris. Located between the head and the greater trochanter. Rice. A, B.
Greater trochanter, trochanter major. Located on the superolateral side of the bone. Place of attachment of the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, obturator and gemellus muscles. Rice. A, B.
Trochanteric fossa, fossa trochanterica. Located from inside base of the greater trochanter. Rice. A, B.
Lesser trochanter, trochanter minor. Located at the lower edge of the neck, medially and posteriorly. Place of insertion of the lumboiliac muscle. Rice. A, B.
[Third skewer, trochanter tertius]. Located at the lateral lip of the linea aspera at the level of the lesser trochanter. Place of attachment of part of the fibers of the gluteus maximus muscle. Occurs inconsistently. Rice. B.
Intertrochanteric line, linea intertrochanterica. Connects the skewers at the front. Rice. A. 10a Square tubercle, tuberculum quadraturn. Located on the intertrochanteric ridge. Rice. B.
Internertelal ridge, Crista intertrochanterica. Connects the skewers at the back. Rice. B.
Body of the femur, corpus ifsis femoris. Rice. A, B.
Rough line, linea aspera. Located on the back of the femur and consists of two lips. Place of attachment of TT. vastus lateralis et medialis, adductor longus, brevis et magnus, as well as short head biceps femoris muscle. Rice. B.
Lateral lip, labium laterale. Rice. B.
Medial lip, labium mediate. Rice. B.
Comb line, linea pectinea. A ridge extending from the lesser trochanter down almost to the linea aspera. Place of attachment of the muscle of the same name. Rice. B.
Gluteal tuberosity, tuberositas glutealis. Continuation of the rough line upward and laterally. Rice. B.
Between the muscles there is a silk fossa, fossa intercondylaris. Located between the condyles on the back side of the bone. Rice. B.
Intercondylar line, linea intercondylaris. Connects the bases of the condyles posteriorly. Rice. B.
Popliteal surface, fades poplitea. Located on back surface femur between the supracondylar lines and linea intercondylar. Rice. B. 20a Medial supracondylar line, linea supracondylars medialis. Continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera to the condylus medialis. Rice. B. 206 Lateral supracondylar line, linea supracondylars lateralis. Continuation of the lateral lip of the linea aspera to the condylus lateralis. Rice. B.
Medial condyle, condylus medialis. Rice. A, B.
Medial epicondyle, epicondylus medialis. Elevation on the medial condyle. Rice. A, B.
Adductor tubercle, tuberculum adductorium. Located above the medial epicondyle. Place of insertion of the adductor magnus muscle. Rice. A, B.
Lateral condyle, condylus lateralis. Rice. A, B.
Lateral epicondyle, epicondylus lateralis. Elevation on the lateral condyle. Rice. A, B. 25a Popliteal groove, sulcus popliteus. Passes between the lateral condyle and epicondyle. Rice. B.
Patellar surface, fades patellaris. Designed for articulation with the patella. Rice. A.
Tibia, tibia. Rice. V, G.
Upper articular surface, fades articularis superior. Rice. V, G.
Medial condyle, condylus medialis. Extension at the proximal end of the tibia. Rice. V, G.
Lateral condyle, condylus lateralis. Extension at the proximal end of the tibia. Rice. V, G.
Peroneal articular surface, fades articularis fibularis. Located on the posterolateral side of the lateral condyle. Designed for mating with head fibula. Rice. V, G.
Anterior intercondylar area, area intercondylaris anterior. The fossa between the articular surfaces of the tibia in front of the intercondylar eminence. Rice. V, G.
Posterior intercondylar field, area intercondylaris posterior. The fossa between the articular surfaces of the tibia posterior to the intercondylar eminence. Rice. G.
Intercondylar eminence, eminentia intercondylaris. Located between the articular surfaces. Place of attachment of cruciate ligaments and menisci. Rice. V, G.
Medial intercondylar tubercle, tuberculum intercondylar mediate. Located along the edge of the medial articular surface near the intercondylar eminence. Rice. V, G.
Lateral intercondylar tubercle, tuberculum intercondylar la.

Iliopsoas muscle ( m.iliopsoas) consists of two muscles: the psoas major and the iliacus, which connect and form the common iliopsoas muscle, which extends onto the thigh through the muscle lacuna, passing under the inguinal ligament. Starting point: psoas major muscle - from the 12th thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae; iliacus muscle - from the iliac fossa. Insertion point: lesser trochanter of the femur. Function: bending in hip joint, external rotation of the hip; at fixed lower limb tilts the pelvis and torso forward.

Piriformis muscle(m.piriformis). Starting point: from the anterior surface of the sacrum, passes through the greater sciatic foramen. Insertion point: greater trochanter of the femur. Function: external rotation of the hip.

Internal obturator muscle (m. obturatorius internus). Starting point: edges of the obturator foramen and inner surface obturator membrane. Insertion: Exits through the greater sciatic foramen from the pelvis and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. Functions: external rotation of the hip.

External pelvic muscles

Big gluteal muscle (m. gluteus maximus). Starting point: outer surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx. Insertion point: gluteal tuberosity of the femur. Function: extension of the hip, simultaneously rotates it outward, abducts the hip, fixes the pelvis and torso.

Gluteus medius muscle(m.gluteus medius). Starting point: from the ilium. Insertion point: greater trochanter of the femur. Function: abduction of the hip, the anterior bundles rotate it inward, and the posterior bundles rotate it outward.

Gluteus minimus(m. gluteus minimus). Starting point: from the ilium. Insertion point: from the greater trochanter of the femur. Function: hip abduction, the anterior muscle bundles rotate inward, and the posterior ones rotate outward.

Quadratus muscle hips(m.guadratus femoris). Starting point: from the ischial tuberosity. Insertion point: to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur. Function: rotates the thigh outward.

Superior and inferior gemellus muscles(m.gemellus superior, m.gemeiius inferior). Starting point: ischial spine, ischial tuberosity. Insertion point: greater trochanter of the femur. Functions: externally rotates the thigh.

Obturator externus muscle(m. obturatorius externus). Starting point: from the outer surface of the obturator membrane, the edges of the obturator foramen. Insertion point: greater trochanter of the femur. Function: rotates the thigh outward.

Tensor fascia lata(m.tensor fascial latae). Starting point: from the anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion point: to the lateral condyle of the tibia. Function: annoying fascia lata hips, flexes the hip.

Thigh muscles

Due to upright posture in humans, the thigh muscles perform dynamic and static functions.

Femur (femur).

A-front surface; B-back surface; B-patella.

A: 1-great trochanter;

2-trochanteric fossa;

3-head of the femur;

4-neck of the femur;

5-intertrochanteric line;

6-small trochanter;

7-body of the femur;

8-medial epicondylocus;

9-medial condyle;

10-patellar surface;

11-lateral condyle;

12-lateral epicondyle.

B: 1-lmka of the femoral head;

2-head of the femur;

3-neck of the femur;

4-large skewer;

5-gluteal tuberosity;

6-lateral lip of the linea aspera;

7-body of the femur;

8-popliteal surface;

9-lateral epicondyle;

10-lateral condyle;

11-intercondylar fossa;

12-medial condyle;

13th medial epicondyle;

14-adductor tubercle;

15-medial lip of the linea aspera;

16-comb line; 17-lesser trochanter;

18-intertrochanteric ridge.

IN; 1-base of the patella;

2-front surface.

3-apex of the patella.

The femur, femur, is the largest and thickest of all the long tubular bones. Like all similar bones, it is a long lever of movement and has a diaphysis, metaphyses, epiphyses and apophyses according to its development. The upper (proximal) end of the femur bears a round articular head, caput femoris (epiphysis), slightly down from the middle on the head there is a small rough pit, fovea captits femoris, the place of attachment of the ligament of the femoral head. The head is connected to the rest of the bone through the neck, collum femoris, which stands to the axis of the body of the femur at an obtuse angle (about 114-153°); in women, depending on the greater width of their pelvis, this angle approaches a straight line. At the junction of the neck and the body of the femur, two bony tubercles, called trochanters (apophyses), protrude. The greater trochanter, trochanter major, represents the upper end of the body of the femur. On its medial surface, facing the neck, there is a fossa, fossa trochanterica.

The lesser trochanter, trochanter minor, is located at the lower edge of the neck on the medial side and somewhat posteriorly. Both trochanters are connected to each other on the posterior side of the femur by an obliquely running ridge, crista intertrochanterica, and on the anterior surface - linea intertrochanterica. All these formations - trochanters, ridge, line and fossa are caused by muscle attachment.

The body of the femur is slightly curved anteriorly and has a trihedral-rounded shape; on its back side there is a trace of the attachment of the thigh muscles, linea aspera (rough), consisting of two lips - the lateral one, labium laterale, and the medial one, labium mediale. Both lips in their proximal part have traces of attachment of the homonymous muscles, the lateral lip is tuberositas glutea, the medial lip is linea pectinea. At the bottom, the lips, diverging from each other, limit a smooth triangular area on the back of the thigh, facies poplitea.

The lower (distal) thickened end of the femur forms two rounded condyles that wrap back, condylus medialis and condylus lateralis (epiphysis), of which the medial one protrudes more downward than the lateral one. However, despite such inequality in the size of both condyles, the latter are located at the same level, since in its natural position the femur stands obliquely, and its lower end is located closer to the midline than the upper. On the anterior side, the articular surfaces of the condyles pass into each other, forming a small concavity in the sagittal direction, facies patellaris, since the patella is adjacent to it with its posterior side during extension knee joint. On the posterior and inferior sides, the condyles are separated by a deep intercondylar fossa, fossa intercondylar. On the side of each condyle above its articular surface there is a rough tubercle called epicondylus medialis in the medial condyle and epicondylus lateralis in the lateral condyle.

Ossification. On x-rays of the proximal end of the femur of a newborn, only the femoral diaphysis is visible, since the epiphysis, metaphysis and apophyses (trochanter major et minor) are still in the cartilaginous phase of development.

The X-ray picture of further changes is determined by the appearance of a ossification point in the head of the femur (epiphysis) in the 1st year, in the greater trochanter (apophysis) in the 3rd-4th year and in the lesser trochanter in the 9th-14th year. Fusion occurs in the reverse order between the ages of 17 and 19 years.

rice. 179 Femur, os femoris, right; back view.

Femur, os femoris (Fig. , , , ; see Fig. ; ), the longest and thickest of all the long bones of the human skeleton. It distinguishes body and two pineal gland– proximal and distal.

Body of the femur, corpus ossis femoris, cylindrical in shape, somewhat twisted along the axis and curved anteriorly. The anterior surface of the body is smooth. On the back surface there is rough line, linea aspera, which is the site of both the origin and attachment of muscles. It is divided into two parts: the lateral and medial lips. Lateral lip, in the lower third of the bone it deviates to the side, heading towards lateral condyle, condylus lateralis, and in the upper third it turns into gluteal tuberosity, tuberositas glutea, the upper part of which protrudes somewhat and is called third trochanter, trochanter tertius(see fig.). Medial lip, labium mediale, in the lower third of the thigh deviates to the side medial condyle, condylus medialis, limiting here together with the lateral lip of a triangular shape popliteal surface, facies poplitea. This surface is limited at the edges by vertically running, vaguely expressed medial supracondylar line, linea supracondylaris medialis, And lateral supracondylar line, linea supracondylaris lateralis. The latter seem to be a continuation of the distal sections of the medial and lateral lips and reach the corresponding epicondyles. In the upper part, the medial lip continues in comb line, linea pectinea. Approximately in the middle section of the body of the femur, lateral to the linea aspera, there is nutritive opening, foramen nutricium, – entrance to the proximally directed nutrient canal, canalis nutricius.

Upper, proximal, femoral epiphysis, epiphysis proximalis femoris, at the border with the body has two rough processes - the greater and lesser trochanters. Greater trochanter, trochanter major, directed upward and backward; it occupies the lateral part of the proximal epiphysis of the bone. Its outer surface can be easily felt through the skin, and on the inner surface there is trochanteric fossa, fossa trochanterica. On the anterior surface of the femur from the apex of the greater trochanter downward and medially directed intertrochanteric line, linea intertrochanterica, turning into a comb line. On the posterior surface of the proximal epiphysis of the femur passes in the same direction intertrochanteric ridge, crista intertrochanterica, which ends at lesser trochanter, trochanter minor, located on the posteromedial surface of the upper end of the bone. The rest of the proximal epiphysis of the bone is directed upward and medially and is called neck of the femur, collum ossis femoris which ends in a spherical shape head, caput ossis femoris. The femoral neck is somewhat compressed in the frontal plane. It forms an angle with the long axis of the femur, which in women approaches a straight line, and in men it is more obtuse. On the surface of the femoral head there is a small, rough fossa of the femoral head, fovea capitis ossis femoris(trace of attachment of the femoral head ligament).

Lower, distal, epiphysis of the femur, epiphysis distalis femoris, thickened and expanded in the transverse direction and ends with two condyles: medial, condylus medialis, And lateral, condylus lateralis. The medial femoral condyle is larger than the lateral one. On the outer surface of the lateral condyle and the inner surface of the medial condyle are located, respectively lateral And medial epicondyles, epicondylus lateralis et epicondylus medialis. Slightly above the medial epicondyle there is a small adductor tubercle, tuberculum adductorium, is the place of attachment of the adductor magnus muscle. The surfaces of the condyles, facing one another, are delimited intercondylar fossa, fossa intercondylaris, which is separated from the popliteal surface at the top intercondylar line, linea intercondylaris. The surface of each condyle is smooth. The anterior surfaces of the condyles pass into one another, forming patellar surface, facies patellaris, – the place of articulation of the patella with the femur.

Os femoris, the longest and thickest of all the long bones of the human skeleton. It distinguishes between a body and two epiphyses - proximal and distal.

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The body of the femur, corpus ossis femoris, is cylindrical in shape, somewhat twisted along the axis and curved anteriorly. The anterior surface of the body is smooth. On the posterior surface there is a rough line, linea aspera, which is the site of both the origin and attachment of the muscles. It is divided into two parts: the lateral and medial lips. The lateral lip, labium laterale, in the lower third of the bone deviates to the side, heading towards the lateral condyle, condylus lateralis, and in the upper third it passes into the gluteal tuberosity, tuberositas glutea, the upper part of which protrudes somewhat and is called the third trochanter, trochanter tertius.

Femur video

The medial lip, labium mediale, in the lower third of the thigh deviates towards the medial condyle, condylus medialis, here, together with the lateral lip of a triangular shape, the popliteal surface, facies poplitea. This surface is limited at the edges by vertically running, vaguely defined medial epicondylar line, linea supracondylaris medialis, and lateral supracondylaris line, linea supracondylaris lateralis. The latter seem to be a continuation of the distal sections of the medial and lateral lips and reach the corresponding epicondyles. In the upper section, the medial lip continues into the ridge line, linea pectinea. Approximately in the middle section of the body of the femur, on the side of the line aspera, there is a nutrient opening, foramen nutricium, - the entrance to the proximally directed nutrient canal, canalis nutricius.

The upper, proximal, epiphysis of the femur, epiphysis proximalis femoris, at the border with the body has two rough processes - the greater and lesser trochanters. The greater trochanter, trochanter major, is directed upward and backward; it occupies the lateral part of the proximal epiphysis of the bone. Its outer surface can be easily felt through the skin, and on the inner surface there is a trochanteric fossa, fossa trochanterica. On the anterior surface of the femur, from the apex of the greater trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, linea intertrochanterica, goes down and medially, turning into the comb line. On the posterior surface of the proximal epiphysis of the femur, the intertrochanteric ridge, crista intertrochanterica, runs in the same direction, which ends at the lesser trochanter, trochanter minor, located on the posteromedial surface of the upper end of the bone. The rest of the proximal epiphysis of the bone is directed upward and medially and is called the neck of the femur, collum ossis femoris, which ends in a spherical head, caput ossis femoris. The femoral neck is somewhat compressed in the frontal plane. It forms an angle with the long axis of the femur, which in women approaches a straight line, and in men it is more obtuse. On the surface of the femoral head there is a small rough fossa of the femoral head, fovea capitis ossis femoris (trace of the attachment of the femoral head ligament).

The lower, distal epiphysis of the femur, epiphysis distalis femoris, is thickened and widened in the transverse direction and ends with two condyles: the medial, condylus medialis, and the lateral, condylus lateralis. The medial femoral condyle is larger than the lateral one. On the outer surface of the lateral condyle and the inner surface of the medial condyle there are the lateral and medial epicondyles, epicondylus lateralis et epicondylus mediate, respectively. Slightly above the medial epicondyle there is a small adductor tubercle, tuberculum adductorium, the attachment site of the adductor magnus muscle. The surfaces of the condyles, facing one another, are delimited by the intercondylar fossa, fossa intercondylaris, which at the top is separated from the popliteal surface by the intercondylar line, linea intercondylaris. The surface of each condyle is smooth. The anterior surfaces of the condyles pass into one another, forming the patellar surface, facies patellaris, the place of articulation of the patella with the femur.