Sports and technical parks in the world. Sports parks

A cultural and recreation park is the most common and widespread type of multifunctional park. It plays a big role in the physical education system.

The first to be opened in Moscow in 1928 was the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after. M. Gorky. His activities were determined by the combination of cultural and educational work with the improvement of the health of millions of workers. The competition for its design became a serious theoretical contribution to the young Soviet science of park construction.

The main feature of the new type of park was the large number of visitors. This determined the directions for the design and construction of cultural and recreation parks.

In Moscow, cultural and recreation parks were created in Sokolniki, Izmailovo, Ostankino. Parks are also springing up in other cities. Since 1931, the network of parks began to expand rapidly. There are now more than 2,000 cultural parks in the country.

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tours and holidays. They become the main link in the system of places of public recreation for citizens.

According to our urban planning standards, parks are divided into city parks with a minimum area of 15 hectares and regional parks (planning areas) - 10 hectares, the availability time, respectively, is no more than 20 and 15 minutes.

IN last years here and abroad there is a tendency to enlarge the area of city parks, since only large park areas create adequate conditions for recreation and contribute to the improvement of the urban environment (according to research by the Central Research Institute of Urban Planning - at least 50 hectares). The park area must be sufficient to accommodate recreational facilities for residents within the service area of the park.

The placement of parks in the city and the organization of physical education zones in them depend on natural conditions. The natural conditions of the territory determine the architectural and planning structure, the quality of the sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic environment, as well as the individuality and expressiveness of the architectural and landscape appearance of the entire park and its physical culture zone.

Nowadays there are almost no territories suitable for creating parks, especially in large cities. In this regard, “inconvenient” lands are widely used - with high humidity, complex terrain, as well as lands with landscapes disturbed by human activity. They are used primarily for park construction, since the low proportion of development in parks makes it possible to place lower demands on the quality of the territories. And the world practice of constructing parks, including multifunctional ones, has already accumulated experience in using such areas.

Culture and recreation parks consist of several zones: physical education (15-20% of the park area), cultural and entertainment (10), children's (5), quiet recreation (60), economic (no more than 4-5). As you can see, the standards define the significant size of the physical training zone in the park, the largest after the quiet recreation and walking zone. In zones active rest she takes the lead. Unfortunately, in most of our parks the area of physical education zones is below the standard and determined by the projects (Fig. 10.5.1). To attract the population to mass physical education and health activities, it is effective to expand the composition of facilities by building modern comfortable physical education facilities, and primarily indoor ones (halls, swimming pools). Indoor facilities can be used year-round. They are cost-effective, since recreational group classes in parks are mostly paid for. The efficient operation of open structures is ensured by the use of sustainable, non-moisture-intensive, dust-free and hygienic surface coverings that require minimal maintenance.

The composition of the facilities should be varied and the requirements of different age groups should be taken into account. When designing and constructing, it is important to remember that physiologists recommend outdoor health activities. Among the structures, open ones should prevail. Indoor ones should fit organically into the park landscape. Lightweight structures are advisable, preferably transformable, in order to use the structures as indoor or outdoor, depending on the weather and time of year.

The popularity and fashion for types of physical education and active recreation is a relatively short-term factor, in contrast to the physiological one, but must be taken into account at the stage of pre-project research. The most popular recreational and health activities are bathing, swimming, skating and skiing, sledding and skiing down the mountains. The most common sports games in the country are volleyball, table and tennis, badminton, football, in winter - hockey and winter football. In foreign parks, in addition to those mentioned, entertaining sports and outdoor games and activities are popular, and facilities for them are widespread (courts for tennis, croquet, skittles, mini-golf, skateboarding grounds and tracks, etc.). These games are accessible and useful to everyone and are fun for the participants different levels physical fitness. The structures for them are simple, usually occupy small areas, and require simple equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to include them in park structures. Despite the meager composition of physical education facilities in most of our parks, the popularity of activities various types physical exercise high and has a steady tendency to increase. Physical education areas of parks are visited by 20% in summer, and 70-80% of park visitors in winter.

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Based on physiological significance individual species physical education and sports, analysis of attendance at park physical education and sports facilities, as well as methods of physical education and recreational activities, JSC "TsNIIEP named after B.S. Mezentsev" proposed approximate composition and the number of physical education sports facilities for different types of parks in cities of different sizes (Table 10.5.1, Fig. 10.5.1).

In addition to the structures given in table. 10.5.1, on the territory of the park it is advisable to arrange marked, illuminated walking routes (terrenkours), near reservoirs - bases for recreational swimming, bathing, boating, water skiing, surfing, as well as landscaped beaches, places or ponds for fishing.

Each park is unique; during reconstruction and construction, it is necessary to pay serious attention to local conditions (natural, traditions, national species sports and recreation, etc.), in connection with which the composition of the structures of the physical education zone can be adjusted. In addition to the main composition, areas or tracks for roller skating and boards (skateboards), areas for entertaining sports and outdoor games - croquet, lapta, skittles, and sports attractions can be built. Large city parks may have horse rental centers with tracks and riding areas, as well as indoor skating rink With artificial ice for public skating, pool with artificial wave, bowling alley. All main structures must be accompanied by auxiliary ones - wardrobes, changing rooms, showers. A sauna or Russian steam room, medical consultation and rental centers are recommended.

During reconstruction, the recommended composition of physical education and sports facilities should be adjusted. For reconstructed parks with insufficient area compared to the standard (usually these are parks located in the central areas of the city), in the case

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when there is no sports complex nearby that could take on physical education and health functions, the following ways of organizing the zone are recommended: the composition of physical education and sports facilities should be developed through the construction of indoor facilities (halls, swimming pools, artificial ice rinks), which occupy compared to open structures small areas. In addition, conducting classes in indoor facilities with an artificial microclimate may be more expedient than outdoors in parks in the city center, where the hygienic parameters of the environment are worse than in the periphery. In this case, open structures can be reduced to 1 - 2 sites for universal use, i.e. have sizes and coatings that meet the requirements of different sports games or sports (the most popular or cultivated in a given place, park).

Another way to organize a zone of physical culture and sports facilities during the reconstruction of parks with insufficient area is to increase the territory of the zone to the normative one at the expense of other zones, giving the park a predominantly physical culture and health function. The functions of other zones of the park (such as cultural and educational, entertainment, entertainment) can be performed by the corresponding institutions of the city center, where they are most developed.

When locating a city sports center or planning area next to a park being designed or reconstructed, it is advisable to cooperate with the halls and swimming pools of the park’s physical education zone with the halls and swimming pools of the center, and to combine the planar structures of the park and the complex, placing them on a single site. This will make it possible to create large structures and not duplicate technical and utility premises.

When designing a zone, one should also take into account its future development, reserving an area for this.

It is advisable to place the physical training zone within a 5-minute walking distance from the entrances to the park. At the same time, structures associated with mass visits are located near the main entrance. This allows for

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bake them with well-maintained communications, which makes structures used on a daily basis accessible at any time of the year, especially in the off-season.

There are two main planning options for locating a zone within the park: compact and dispersed (Fig. 10.5.2). Compact is more convenient to use and more economical (shorter length of roads and utilities). But the physical training zones are visited mainly by residents of the areas adjacent to the park. Therefore, in a large park, it is more convenient for visitors to place zone structures dispersed around the perimeter of the park (i.e., near not only the main entrance, but also secondary ones).

Approximate balance of the territory of the physical culture zone with recommendations

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modified composition: volumetric structures - 3 - 5; flat structures - 27 - 30; paths, alleys - 10 - 15% of the area of the zone. The remaining area (50 - 60%) is recommended for green spaces.

Physical education zone According to the types of structures, the park can be divided into three subzones: structures with places for spectators (in city parks), a subzone of indoor structures and a subzone of open structures (Fig. 10.5.3).

SPORTS PARKS

There is a tendency towards specialization of parks in large cities. All over the world, centers and historical residential areas, which usually have several small parks, are being actively reconstructed. The areas of these parks are not sufficient for the full development of all zones of multifunctional parks, in domestic terminology - cultural and recreation parks. Then one or two functions receive preferential development. Another important factor in the specialization of parks is the increasing demands of visitors for comfort, which is satisfied by specialized services.

The most common type of specialized park, especially abroad, is sports. In large cities, there is a special need for physical education and sports: people suffer from physical inactivity and experience high stress on their bodies. nervous system. Both require active recreation with certain physical activities, which is exactly what sports parks provide, in contrast to sports centers, intended mainly for training athletes and holding competitions.

Sports parks They are divided into multifunctional, or universal, for many sports, and specialized, for one or a group of related sports (for example, aquatic, equestrian, cycling, etc.).

Universal parks, called sports and recreation centers, are large urban or suburban (following the example of the famous German Riviera parks) complexes, which, in terms of the composition of their structures, have

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The number of spectator seats is close to sports centers (Fig. 10.5.4 -10.5.6). They differ from sports centers in the larger area of greenery and the main focus on mass physical education and recreational activities and active recreation.

Unique olympic parks are large sports complexes for olympic games. Such are the Olympic parks in Melbourne, Meiji and Kamazawa parks in Tokyo, parks in Mexico City, Munich and Montreal. After the Olympic Games, the problem of their use arises. A good example is a park in Munich. Even during its design, the principle of “short distances and green landscapes” was proposed. On the reclaimed territory of 140 hectares, artificial terrain was created to create intersections of pedestrian and transport routes at different levels. After the Olympic Games, this vast green area became a place for active recreation for the population of Munich both in summer and winter. In winter, artificial artificial hills turn into mountains for mass sledding and skiing.

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Dimensions sports parks can range from tens to hundreds of hectares. When placing them in the city, just as when placing sports complexes, conditions must be created for the evacuation of a large number of people and parking lots must be provided.

Specialized sports parks for a particular sport or group of related sports are intended to provide associated active recreation, as well as activities at a higher level than in other types of parks. Most common specialized parks- For aquatic species sports (Fig. 10.5.7). There are numerous centers abroad

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for swimming and bathing. Hydroparks are becoming increasingly common everywhere, including here. They require water areas, so their placement in the city is subject to precisely this condition.

The size of specialized sports parks can be very different: from hundreds of hectares (for example, the hydropark in Krylatskoye has a total area of about 700 hectares, Kharkov hydroparks from 60 to 150 hectares, etc.) to compact areas of several hectares, which are often used abroad Place swimming and bathing centers.

There may be specialized parks for other sports. The need for them is determined by the popularity of a particular sport in a given place, favorable natural conditions, etc. In different countries, especially in the UK, USA and Canada, golf courses or parks are common, which occupy large areas - from 50 to 100 hectares. There are well-known centers for roller skating and cycling parks, where the complex terrain of the areas is functionally used. Skateparks are popular for skateboarding.

Sports parks are not such mass facilities as multifunctional cultural and recreation parks; they are rather unique, especially large universal ones and, of course, specialized ones. Therefore, there cannot be recommendations on the composition of structures, and especially with quantitative indicators. They are designed according to special specifications, depending on local and natural conditions.

Among the structures of sports parks there are a wide variety - from large unique ( indoor stadiums, swimming pools with artificial waves, waterfalls) to simple grounds, lawns for sports and recreational games. This is determined by the purpose of the park, the number of residents for which it is designed, its area and location in the city. The most common in all types of sports parks are swimming pools (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.7), the so-called leisure type (with irregularly shaped baths, with artificial waves, water slides).

Gyms are very common - universal, specialized, and multi-purpose, i.e. not only for sporting events, but also for shows, dances, etc.

Much less common than halls are skating rinks with artificial ice (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.6). Sometimes complex artificial skating rinks are built - indoor and outdoor. Example - sports park"Ottobrunn" in Germany (Fig. 10.5.4).

The palette of planar structures is even richer - from sports cores to lawns, which have become an indispensable element of the park, where they play outdoor games, sunbathe, and have picnics.

Unlike sports centers in sports parks, especially abroad, among flat structures there are sites for entertaining sports games (mini-golf, botchi, croquet, skittles, etc.), grounds and tracks for roller skating and boarding; mountains for sledding, boarding, plates and skiing (Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.5). Golf courses are also found in foreign universal sports parks, but more often these are separate specialized park courses. And we have new sports for our country - baseball, softball, squash, golf. In 1988, the first specialized golf sports park in Russia was built in Moscow (Fig. 10.5.8), and several more are expected to be built.

Green spaces must make up at least 70% of the sports park area. The area occupied by structures, paths and alleys is much larger than that in other types of parks, since the sports facilities themselves require large areas, and paths and alleys must provide the possibility of evacuating a large number of people into the park.

kakh, where the attendance is massive and where there are structures with places for spectators.

In large sports parks with facilities for competitions, physical education and recreational activities and active recreation, it is advisable to designate zones: entertainment and demonstration, training, active recreation, administrative and economic.

10.6. GREENING TERRITORIES OF SPORTS FACILITIES

10.6.1. GREENING AND MICROCLIMATE OF SPORTS FACILITIES TERRITORIES

Green areas play a significant role in shaping the city's climate. Plantings not only reduce the air temperature under tree canopies and radiation temperatures compared to irradiated areas, but also improve the thermal regime in the surrounding area. Proximity water spaces softens the microclimate.

Green sports facilities also affect the comfort of the microclimate and can change temperature, humidity and wind conditions sports territory. The comfort of the microclimate on sports flat structures is determined by a complex of natural (climate), urban planning (location in the city plan) and space-planning (the nature of the layout, development and landscaping of the sports area) factors.

The space-planning structure of the sports area and the characteristics of each of its objects affect the microclimatic comfort of the environment for sports, depending on the characteristics of the location of the sites; the degree of concentration of sites and their blocking; orientation according to the countries of the world; proximity to the water surface; type of covering of sites and their technological equipment; nature of landscaping.

The terrain, volumetric and flat structures, roads and green spaces, and their relative position can protect athletes from the blinding sun, strong winds, dust, gas, and soot.

The comfort of microclimatic conditions in open physical education and sports facilities depends on a number of factors, which include mainly convection and radiation temperatures, air humidity, wind speed, insolation and lighting, and the chemical and bactericidal composition of the air. These factors can be significantly influenced by

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can provide landscaping of the territory on which the structures are located. The main components of landscaping in this case are both the technique and design of landscaping, and the properties of trees and shrubs that affect the comfort of the microclimate. These properties include: habitus ( external shape) plants, crown density, growth rate, leafing period.

The greatest microclimatic effect is provided by tree tracts with density of 1.0 - 0.8; clumps of trees with a thickness of 0.7 - 0.8, multi-row strips of plantings. These types of plantings can reduce air temperature by 3 - 5°, reduce wind speed by 45 - 75%.

Groups, rows of trees, and individual trees reduce the voltage of direct solar radiation by 95%. Their windproof properties, which improve the aeration of the territory, are especially important. Thus, windproof or openwork strips are useful near playgrounds. If it is necessary to reduce the wind speed over a greater distance, it is more advisable to use a strip of ventilated structure.

The temperature and humidity of the air are formed within the entire sports area, and the speed of air movement is differentiated and largely depends on the landscaping of the sports facilities themselves, the placement of plantings, the type of planting, and the range of trees and shrubs. The microclimate on the sports ground can be better or worse than the general microclimatic background of the sports area, depending on how rationally the landscaping is designed and implemented.

Green spaces contribute to the creation of biological and psychological comfort. They improve the health of the air by releasing phytoncides from their leaves and flowers, increase the ionization of the air, and increase the ozone content in it - especially conifers.

When designing the design of curtains, strips and other elements of green spaces, the phases of their vegetative development and, consequently, the manifestations of phytoncidal activity should be taken into account. The choice of wood strips should ensure continuous release of phytoncides throughout the sports season.

At urban sports facilities, the content of carbon monoxide emitted by motor vehicles decreases sharply after the appearance of foliage on protective strips - on average by 2 - 3 times compared to the leafless period. Depending on the planting density, from 21 to 86% of dust is retained. The rough, lint-covered foliage of elm and lilac is especially effective at trapping dust. Elm foliage retains about 5 times more dust than poplar foliage; lilac leaves 3 times.

Green spaces are also a kind of filter, retaining and absorbing part of the sound energy, especially Norway maple, balsam poplar, and small-leaved linden.

When choosing plants for landscaping sports flat structures, it is important to consider their resistance to mechanical damage.

To create fences, choose plants that are resistant to impacts from balls and other sports equipment. The ability of plants to repair damage and insensitivity to damage is also important. Siberian and European larch, warty birch, small-leaved and smooth elm, red oak, white and brittle willow, white and Canadian poplar, Norway maple, small-leaved linden, and rowan have approximately equal rates of restoration of damaged shoots.

Modern standards for the design of sports facilities do not recommend the use of trees and shrubs with thorns, lionfish and others, which, by clogging the grounds, create a traumatic situation. Plants that produce a lot of dust during flowering and fruiting are also not recommended - they irritate the human respiratory tract.

Green spaces are decorative, their silhouette and shape, color, and in addition, their aroma affect the emotional state of a person. A professional combination of plants with different shapes and thoughtful colors in groups, arrays and tapeworms has a beneficial effect on the psyche of those involved in sports.

Creating a favorable microclimatic regime on sports grounds, biological and psychological comfort for athletes increases their performance, extends the season of comfortable conditions for playing sports.

Lawns also affect the sanitary and hygienic condition and aesthetics of sports complexes. The green surface of the lawn promotes the evaporation of a significant amount of moisture from the soil (up to 200 g of water per hour).

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one square meter), which increases the humidity of the ground layer of air. Lawn grass lowers the air temperature in hot weather by 6 tons, 7°. Their powerfully developed root system promotes rapid mineralization of organic matter, helps cleanse the lawn from putrefactive and harmful microorganisms that come with dust.

The species composition of trees and shrubs, placement method and type of planting largely determine the comfort of the environment for sports (Fig. 10.6.1).

The selection of an assortment of trees and shrubs for landscaping sports areas should be based on the general and specific properties of plants; species whose properties meet the entire range of requirements most effectively influence the microclimate and contribute to the hygienic, physiological and psychological comfort of the environment (Table 10.6.1) .

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Whether the rustling of leaves is heard or the first blades of grass are visible, the park will always be a place of relaxation for a city dweller. Sports fields in parks attract active recreation enthusiasts from children to retirees.

Relevance now sports grounds increases – healthy image life in fashion. Many manufacturers, in addition to the traditional horizontal bar and parallel bars, offer stationary exercise machines for exercises for all muscle groups:

power;
cardio equipment;
simulators for developing balance and coordination.

Proper organization of the sports ground is the key to safety and comfort

To safely organize a sports ground, you must follow the following rules for selecting equipment and installing it:

Select high-quality exercise equipment either from a trusted manufacturer, or control the thickness of the pillars, the reliability of the components and fastenings. Those parts that come into contact with each other: the movable seat, the stops must be equipped with rubber gaskets.
It is best to entrust the installation of exercise equipment to professionals, with a subsequent guarantee. The site must have a hard but safe surface. The installation depth and fixing material must be able to withstand the load of the machine during use. Typically, after installation, at least several days (preferably about two weeks) must pass for the simulators to be securely fixed in the ground.
The location of the exercise equipment must be carefully thought out so that the exercisers do not interfere with each other and the possibility of injury is excluded. In the location you are visiting, some machines may be duplicated or presented similar to work the same muscle group.

Features of organizing a site for the elderly and children

Despite the versatility of most outdoor sports equipment, there are some peculiarities in organizing a sports ground in places where the main visitors are children or the elderly.

Of course, neither the barbell nor strength training equipment Children cannot do it, and they don’t need it. But everything on which you can hang, swing, or, even better, jump causes uncontrollable delight. All kinds of ladders, monkey bars, nets, ropes and rings will be a huge success with the little “monkeys”. It is very convenient when all these elements are located on different faces of the polygon. They allow you to make a circular sports journey around the entire complex without falling to the ground.

In parks and sports grounds for older people there are special exercise machines that help them get physical activity in a joint-friendly manner. For example, stoppers, simulators for simulating skiing, exercise bikes, treadmills.

An important attribute of children's sports grounds and playgrounds for pensioners in parks should be benches for parents and the athletes themselves.

Germany. Munich Olympic complex(300 ha). The center of the planning composition is the central arena and the theater, while two zones are clearly distinguished: the sports zone and the Olympic Village zone. It is an outstanding example of the use of reclaimed territory and its merging with old parks (English Garden, Nymphenburg Castle Park). Previously, the territory included an airfield where it was designed Olimpic village. The site of the former city dump has been transformed into picturesque landscapes with green hills with pine trees, oaks, a chaos of granite blocks, waterfalls, streams, a pond, a canal. The center of the composition is Olympic Square with a stadium. The main alley (in some places up to 120 m wide) is covered with cable-stayed roofing. Basic pedestrian roads on the territory of the complex are laid on raised embankments, all intersections with transport highways are solved at different levels. External transport is represented by the metro, high-speed railway, etc.

Russia. The Olympic complex of the Moscow Olympics consisted of several territories. The main part of the competition, the opening and closing ceremonies of the “Olympics-80” took place in the main sports complex in Luzhniki (area 180 hectares), located in a bend of the river. Moscow (structures: large and small arenas, Sports Palace, swimming pool, sports universal hall "Friendship"). The core of the sports park complex is sports arena for 103 thousand spectators, to which the shortest roads lead from parking lots and transport stops (metro, trolleybus, bus). From the embankment of the park there is a view of the river, Sparrow Hills, and the city. Other facilities of the complex are located on Mira Avenue (an area of 20 hectares with a universal indoor hall for 35 thousand people), in Krylatskoye (750 hectares with a rowing canal and a bicycle track), in the Bitsevsky forest area ( equestrian center), in Mytishchi (bullet and skeet shooting.

System of hydroparks to the General Plan of Moscow. It was planned in the western region of the capital on the Moscow River: Myakininskaya zone (reservoir area 100 hectares), Stroginskaya zone (reservoir area 120 hectares), Krylatskoye. The hydropark is located 12 km from the city center, area 750 hectares, designed to serve 100 thousand people in summer, 60 thousand people in winter. The center of the composition is a rowing canal, created artificially and filled by gravity due to the difference in water levels between the canal and the river. The canal is 2300 m long, more than 200 m wide (channels are 125 and 75 m), and is divided in the middle by a narrow strip of island. The canal has a cycle track and a 14 km long ring road. The compositional basis of the hydropark is the water system (canals, streams, streams, river delta, lake, etc.). The center of the hydropark composition forms a complex of structures, less often - a stadium, a central reservoir, sometimes a multifunctional composition is created with a center on each of the islands - a sports zone with a stadium, in Krylatskoye - a rowing canal.

Specialized parks

Park of the Youth Palace (Palace of Pioneers). Created in Moscow in 1962 according to the design of architects I. Pokrovsky, F. Novikov, V. Egerev, V. Kubasov and others. The park was created for educational, cultural, educational, physical culture and sports work, i.e. it meets range of circle work. The center of the park composition is the building of the Youth Palace with a parade area, a bonfire area and steps of granite stands. The park territory is divided into three zones: the central zone with the entrance alley; an active recreation area with a stadium and a swimming pool, an athletics arena and attractions; a zone for young biologists with areas for decorative floriculture, vegetable crops, greenhouses, an orchard, a zoo, and fish ponds. The architectural and planning composition of the park was designed taking into account the natural conditions of the landscape.

Disneyland Park was created in the state of Florida, USA, near Los Angeles based on the sketches of Walt Disney, according to the design of architects V. Schell, H. Couser in 1956-1960. The area of the park is 64 hectares, of which 23 hectares are occupied by buildings, 36.8 hectares are park spaces. The buffer zone contains parking lots with an area of 40 hectares. The center of the park’s composition is a complex imitating the urban development of America in the 19th century. on a reduced scale taking into account the growth of children - visitors to the park. The central alley divides the park into parts: the eastern part - the “Land of the Future” and the western part - the “Land of Adventure” with a system of ponds and artificial hills (267,400 m 3 of land was used to construct the hills). Children are greeted and shown around the park by Disney cartoon characters. The service staff numbers up to 19 thousand people. The annual attendance of the park is 12 million people. For the convenience of visitors, there is intra-park transport - Railway, monorail, steamships and horse-drawn cars. Disneyland has a buffer area of 11,000 hectares of protected natural landscape.

These sports objects, stadiums, arenas have become the venue for the most iconic and popular matches, competitions, fights. List of the most famous sports facilities in the world.

10 PHOTOS

The biggest football stadium in Brazil and the largest stadium in the world. The stadium was built specifically for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. Capacity - 78,838 spectators.

This stadium was built in 1907. Twickenham is the home of English rugby. The stadium's capacity is 82,000 spectators.

The only golf course to host one of the four major golf championships each year. Well-groomed green grass, coupled with water hazards and other obstacles, will create a unique environment for golfers and golfers.

This is where the World Snooker Championships have been held since 1977. Snooker competitions at the Crucible can attract up to 1,000 spectators.

5. MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas, USA.

The MGM Grand Garden Arena has hosted many high-profile boxing matches. One of them is the “Fight of the Century” between Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao.

The stadium has a capacity of almost 100,000 spectators and hosts American football competitions.

The oldest baseball stadium, opened in 1912.

8. Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco.

A popular Formula 1 track. Due to the incredibly narrow streets, overtaking on this track is very dangerous. Cheltenham has the status of one of the greatest racecourses where horse racing competitions are held. The stadium seats more than 50,000 spectators.

Private sport Club, located in the London suburb of Wimbledon. Today, this oldest club has 19 tournament and 16 practice courts. Center Court is a 15,000-seat stadium.

Faster, higher, stronger - this is no longer relevant. Now we can safely add the word “extreme” to this classic sports triad, because such sports are beginning to overtake classical sports in popularity. And today we will tell you about 8 of the best and most unusual extreme parks in the world.

In the Spanish city of Merida, no one is wondering anymore what to do with young people so that they get off the streets and stop leading an antisocial lifestyle. A public space for young and active people appeared there - the Youth Factory extreme park.

designed for unemployed and carefree youth who are looking for a place to realize their abilities. Here you can practice extreme sports, for example, rollerblading, skateboarding, performing stunts on bicycles and rock climbing.

This complex also has a library, a computer class, a conference room, a cinema and a lecture hall, where young children from the streets can get new buildings and even additional education.

China wouldn't be China if it didn't take aim at the world's largest skatepark. Street extreme sports are very developed in this country due to the large population and the relative cheapness of equipment. So, through the efforts of the authorities in China, thousands of playgrounds for active youth are built every year.

The crown jewel of this street infrastructure is the SMP Skatepark in Shanghai. With dimensions of 13,700 square meters, it is the largest of its kind sports center on the ground. That is why they are held on it major competitions both Chinese and world level.

The Skate Park House skate park in one of the districts of Tokyo has a much more modest size. The area of its active zone is less than two dozen square meters, but more is not needed. The fact is that these ramps are located inside a residential building.

Only one room is given over to the skate park at Skate Park House. Of course, this would not be enough for a professional skateboarder, but for children it is just right. Namely, this home sports facility was created for children's entertainment.

Excalibur - the world's largest climbing wall

Rock climbing differs favorably from mountaineering in that to practice this type extreme sports it is not at all necessary to go somewhere to the mountains - sites for it can be made in every locality, there would be a desire. The residents of the Dutch Groningen had it, and that’s why a climbing wall called Excalibur appeared there.

Excalibur - the world's largest climbing wall"]
Stretched into the sky, the 37-meter tall one looks like a giant sword sticking out of a stone. Actually, these are two different weapons of the legendary King Arthur, but this error does not bother visitors to the site. Moreover, people from all over the Netherlands and even other countries come to climb Excalibur, because it is the largest climbing wall in the world.

Excalibur - the world's largest climbing wall"]
There are times when you don’t need to leave the hotel at all to practice extreme sports. AND we're talking about not about Soviet-era hotels, where spending the night itself is dangerous, but about special hotels created for active people.

The first such hotel for extreme sports is planned to be built in Barcelona. The project, called Barcelona Rock, involves the construction of a multi-story building that will look like a rock. Therefore, mountaineers and rock climbers will be able to climb to the upper floors of this structure directly along the outer walls.

Inside Barcelona Rock there will be a swimming pool, a cinema, Gym and 50 rooms of different comfort levels. But real extreme sports enthusiasts will be able to pitch tents on the artificial rock ledges of the Barcelona Rock Hotel for a modest fee.

Extreme sports enthusiasts from the British region of Wales are planning to build an artificial lake for surfing. Surf Snowdonia will be a 300-meter-long pool in which waves of different heights and amplitudes can be automatically created.

Weather in Wales all year round quite moderate, but most of the year sea water quite cold. And it will be heated. In addition, the future complex will have cafes, sports shops and playgrounds for children.

And if in Wales they are just planning to build an artificial lake for surfing, then in the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates such a facility already actually exists. Moreover, this center of extreme water sports is located right in the middle of the desert.

The Wadi Adventure Center is designed for surfing and rafting enthusiasts, who can swim through a 200-meter pool with many dangerous branches, rapids and artificial underwater cliffs. And the main attraction of this water complex is a wave 3.3 meters high, which with a certain periodicity passes through the reservoir to the delight of the people in it.

And if in all other countries of the world rich people splurge as a demonstration of their status and opportunity, then in the UAE the latter is water. The Desert Aquatics Center is proof of this.

Waldseilgarten in Germany is the most extreme place for camping all over the world. Firstly, it is not so easy to get to. After all, on the way to this hotel a person will have to go through many tests - a rope park, trolls and other obstacles for extreme sports enthusiasts.

Secondly, the tents in Waldseilgarten are not on the ground, but above it. Some of them hang on the thick branches of centuries-old trees, and some are even attached to the rock at an altitude of 300 meters. Only people with the strongest nerves in the world, as well as with perfect coordination of movements, can spend the night in this place.

Tourists who find themselves in the Waldseilgarten have a very comfortable toilet and shower with hot water. But real extreme sports enthusiasts will probably ignore these benefits of civilization, giving preference to washing in a waterfall.