When the Olympic Games were not held. How the Olympic Games were held in ancient times

Olympic Games, The Olympic Games are the largest international complex sport competitions modernity, which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in ancient Greece was revived by a French public figure at the end of the 19th century Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years following the World Wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were established and were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994, the timing of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years relative to the timing of the Summer Games.

Ancient Olympic Games

Olympic Games Ancient Greece were religious and sports festival, held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games has been lost, but several legends describing this event have survived. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC. e., although it is known that games were held earlier. During the games, a sacred truce was declared; during this time it was forbidden to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated.

The Olympic Games significantly lost their importance with the arrival of the Romans. After Christianity became the official religion, games began to be seen as a manifestation of paganism and in 394 AD. e. they were banned by the emperor Theodosius I.

Revival of the Olympic Idea

Even after the ban on ancient competitions, the Olympic idea did not disappear forever. For example, in England during the 17th century, “Olympic” competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors to the modern Olympic Games are the Olympias, which were held regularly between 1859 and 1888. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Soutsos, brought it to life by a public figure Evangelis Zappas.

In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple buildings were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive Olympic thinking and culture spread quite quickly throughout Europe. French Baron Pierre de Coubertin (French: Pierre de Coubertin) said then: “Germany has excavated what remains of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old greatness?

Baron Pierre de Coubertin

According to Coubertin, it was the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He strives to change the situation through improvement physical culture French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national egoism and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The "Youth of the World" had to measure their strength in sports competitions, and not on the battlefields. Reviving the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes the best solution to achieve both goals.

At a congress held June 16-23, 1894 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to an international audience. On the last day of the congress (June 23), it was decided that the first Olympic Games of our time should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the ancestral country of the Games - Greece. To organize the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded. The first president of the Committee was a Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was president until the end of the First Olympic Games in 1896. Baron became General Secretary Pierre de Coubertin.

The first Games of our time were truly a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games became the largest sporting event ever since the times of Ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to “eternally” hold the Olympic Games in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced rotation between different states so that every 4 years the Games change their location.

After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis in its history. The 1900 Games in Paris (France) and the 1904 Games in St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with the World Exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and attracted almost no interest from spectators. Almost only American athletes participated in the Games in St. Louis, since getting from Europe across the ocean in those years was very difficult for technical reasons.

At the 1906 Olympic Games in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and results again came first. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported the holding of these "interim Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are now not recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming “meaningless and unnecessary.”

Modern Olympic Games

The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are determined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, which, at the suggestion of the French educator and public figure Pierre de Coubertin, decided to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

According to the charter of the Games, the Olympics “... unite amateur athletes from all countries in fair and equal competitions. There shall be no discrimination against countries or individuals on racial, religious or political grounds...” The games are held in the first year of the Olympiad (4-year period between games). The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where the games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII - 1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). The symbol of the Olympic Games is five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the so-called. Olympic rings. The color of the rings in the top row is blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row - yellow for Asia, green for Australia. Besides Olympic events sports, Organising Committee has the right to choose to include in the program exhibition competitions in 1-2 sports not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, the Winter Olympic Games have been held since 1924, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates of the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones. The location of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC; the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. Duration no more than 15 days ( winter games- no more than 10).

The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is the Olympic rings. The motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger). The flag is a white cloth with the Olympic rings, and has been flown at all Games since 1920.

Among the traditional rituals of the Games:

* lighting of the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by a torch relay of athletes to the host city of the Games);
* pronounced by one of outstanding athletes the country in which the Olympics take place, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the games;
* taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of the judges;
* presentation of medals to winners and prize-winners of competitions;
* raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.

Since 1932, the host city has been building " olympic village» - a complex of residential premises for game participants. According to the charter, the Games are a competition between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908 the so-called unofficial team standings - determining the place occupied by teams based on the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1). The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and coveted title in the career of an athlete in those sports in which Olympic tournaments are held. The exception is football, since the title of world champion in this sport is much more prestigious.

The Olympic Games are the largest sport's event, loved by many. Millions of people watch them on TV, thousands come to the cities where the competition is held to see the strongest, most dexterous and fastest athletes with their own eyes. Every professional sportsman dreams of not only winning, but at least getting into the Olympic arena. However, not many people know how they were created games, when they first took place and what the original concept of this competition was.

Legends about the origin

Many legends and myths have come down to us about the origin of these competitions, which have different plot and history. However, one thing is certain: their homeland is Ancient Greece.

How the first competitions were held

The beginning of the first of them dates back to 776 BC. This date is very ancient, and it might not have survived to this day if not for the tradition of the Greeks: they engraved the names of the winners of the competition on columns specially erected for this purpose. Thanks to these buildings we know not only the time when the games began, but also the name of the first winner. This man's name was Korab, and he was a resident of Ellida. It is interesting that the concept of the first thirteen games was very different from the subsequent ones, because initially there was only one competition - running a distance of one hundred and ninety-two meters.

At first, only the indigenous residents of the city of Pisa and Elis had the right to take part. However, the popularity of the competition soon grew so much that other large policies began to contribute to their development.

There were laws according to which not every person could take part in the Olympic Games. Women did not have this right, slaves and foreign inhabitants called barbarians. And anyone who wanted to become a full participant had to submit an application to the meeting of judges a whole year before the start of the competition. Moreover, before the actual start of the competition, potential candidates were required to provide proof that they had been working hard on their skills since registration. physical training, performing various types of exercises, training for long-distance running and maintaining athletic shape.

Ancient games concept

Starting from the fourteenth, they began to actively introduce different kinds sports.

The winners of the Olympics got literally everything they wanted. Their names were immortalized in history for centuries, and during their lifetime they were honored as demigods until old age. Moreover, after his death, each Olympiad participant was ranked among the minor gods.

For a long time, these competitions, without which it was previously impossible to imagine life, were forgotten. The thing is that after Emperor Theodosius came to power and the strengthening of the Christian faith, games began to be considered one of the manifestations of paganism, for which they were abolished in three hundred and ninety-four BC.

Renaissance

Fortunately, the games have not sunk into oblivion. We owe their revival to the famous writer and public figure, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the creator of the modern concept of the Olympic Games. It happened in 1894, when, on the initiative of Coubertin, an international athletic congress was convened. During it, a decision was made to revive the games according to the standard of antiquity, as well as to establish the work of the IOC, that is, the International Olympic Committee.

The IOC began its existence on June 23 of the same year, and Demetrius Vikelas was appointed its first head, and Pierre Coubertin, already familiar to us, was its secretary. At the same time, Congress developed the rules and regulations under which the games would exist.

The first modern Olympic Games

It is not surprising that Athens was chosen to host the first modern games, since Greece is the origin of these competitions. It's interesting to note that Greece is a country, in which they were carried out in three centuries.

The first major competitions of modern times were opened on April 6, 1896. More than three hundred athletes took part in them, and the number of sets of awards exceeded four dozen. At the first games competitions were held in the following sports disciplines:

The games ended by the fifteenth of April. The awards were distributed as follows:

The overall winner, collecting the largest number of medals, namely forty-six, of which ten were gold, was Greece.
The USA took second place with a decent margin from the winner, collecting twenty awards.
Germany collected thirteen medals and finished in third place.
But Bulgaria, Chile and Sweden left the competition with nothing.

The success of the competition was so enormous that the rulers of Athens immediately offered to hold the games on their territory. However, according to the rules established by the IOC, the venue must change every four years.

Unexpectedly, the next two terms were quite difficult for the Olympics, because the venues where they were held hosted world exhibitions, which made it difficult to receive guests. Due to the combination of these events, the organizers were afraid that the popularity of the games would quickly decline, however, everything was quite the opposite. People fell in love with such large competitions, and then, on the initiative of the same Coubertin, traditions began to form, their flag and emblem were created.

Traditions of the Games and their symbols

The most famous symbol It looks like five rings of the same size and intertwined with each other. They come in the following sequence: blue, yellow, black, green and red. Such a simple emblem carries a deep meaning, showing the union of five continents and the meeting of people from all over the world. It is interesting that each Olympic committee has developed its own emblem, however, the five rings are certainly its main part.

The games flag appeared in 1894 and was approved by the IOC. The white flag features the five traditional rings. And the motto of the competition is: faster, higher, stronger.

Another symbol of the Olympics is fire. The lighting of the Olympic flame has become a traditional ritual before the start of any games. It is lit in the city where the competition is held and remains there until it ends. This was done back in ancient times, however, the custom did not return to us immediately, but only in 1928.

An integral part of the symbolism of these large-scale competitions is the Olympic mascot. Each country has its own. The issue of the appearance of mascots arose at the next IOC meeting in 1972. By committee decision it could be any person, animal or any mythical creature that would not only fully reflect the identity of the country, but also speak about modern Olympic values.

The emergence of winter games

In 1924 it was decided to establish winter competitions. Initially, they were held in the same year as the summer ones, however, later it was decided to move them two years relative to the summer ones. France became the host of the first Winter Games. Surprisingly, only half as many spectators were interested in them as expected, and not all tickets were sold out. Despite previous failures, winter Olympics The fans liked them more and more, and soon they gained the same popularity as the summer ones.

Interesting Facts from the history

First Games

It is a little secret that the first Olympic Games were held in Greece back in 776 BC. The small village of Olympia was chosen as the location for the competition. At that time, competitions were held in only one discipline, which was running over a distance of 189 meters. An interesting feature that distinguished the first Olympic Games in Greece was that only men could take part in them. At the same time, they competed without shoes or any clothing on themselves. Among other things, only one woman, whose name was Demeter, received the right to observe the competition.

History of the Olympics

The first Olympic Games were a great success, so the tradition of holding them continued for another 1168 years. Already at that time it was decided to hold such competitions every four years. Confirmation of their great authority is the fact that during the competition between states that were at war, a temporary peace treaty was always concluded. Each new Olympics received many changes compared to what the first Olympic Games were like. First of all, we are talking about adding disciplines. At first it was running over other distances, and then long jumping, fist running, pentathlon, discus throwing, javelin throwing, dart throwing and many others were added to it. The winners were so highly respected that monuments were even erected to them in Greece. There were also difficulties. The most serious of them was the ban on the Games by Emperor Theodosius the First in 394 AD. The fact is that he considered this kind of competition to be pagan entertainment. And 128 years later, a very strong earthquake occurred in Greece, due to which the Games were for a long time forgot.

Renaissance

In the mid-eighteenth century, the first attempts to revive the Olympics began. They began to become a reality about a hundred years later thanks to the French scientist Pierre de Coubertin. With the help of his compatriot, archaeologist Ernst Curtius, he, in fact, wrote new rules for conducting such competitions. The first Olympic Games of modern times began on April 6, 1896 in the Greek capital. Representatives of 13 countries from all over the planet took part in them. Russia, due to financial problems, did not send its athletes. The competitions took place in nine disciplines, including the following: gymnastics, shooting, track and field and weightlifting, wrestling, fencing, tennis, swimming and bicycle racing. Public interest in the Games was colossal, a clear confirmation of which is the presence at them, according to official data, of more than 90 thousand spectators. In 1924, it was decided to divide the Olympics into winter and summer.

Failed competitions

It happened that competitions were not held, despite the fact that they were planned. We are talking about the Berlin Games of 1916, the Helsinki Olympics of 1940, as well as the London competitions of 1944. The reason for this is one and the same - world wars. Now all Russians are looking forward to the first Olympic Games, which will be held on Russian territory. This will happen in Sochi in 2014.

"Olympic Quiz"

Questions-1:

1. Name the place where the Olympic Games were held in ancient times?

2. What is pankration?

3. In what year and where were the first modern Olympic Games held?

4. Name the colors of the five intertwined rings - the modern symbol of the Olympic movement (top row from left to right, then bottom row).

5. What does the Olympic motto sound like in Russian?

6. Who was the first athlete to have a monument erected during his lifetime?

7. How is the Olympic torch lit in Olympia?

8. Were the Olympic Games held in our country? If yes, where and when?

9. How many total Olympic gold medals did athletes from the USSR, CIS, and Russia win at the Games of the 20th century?

10. What are the names of the Olympic Games champions from Tatarstan?

Answers:

1. Ancient Greece, Olympia, near Mount Kronos.

2. Fight with fist fight.

3. 1896, Athens (Greece).

4. Blue, black, red, yellow, green.

5. Faster! Higher! Stronger! (Sitius! Altius! Fortius!).

6. Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi at the stadium in Helsinki.

7. The torch is brought to an oval mirror that focuses the sun's rays.

8. Moscow, 1980.

9. 605 gold medals.

10. Kurynov Alexander - weightlifting - Rome, 1960; Likhachev Valery - cycling - Munich, 1972; Simashev Fedor - ski race; Safin Rinat - biathlon - Sapporo, 1972; Kolesnikov Nikolay - weightlifting; Shubina Lyudmila - handball; Knyazeva Olga, Gilyazova Nailya, Nikonova Valentina - fencing - Montreal, 1976; Loginova Lidiya - volleyball; Kuznetsov Vitaly - judo wrestling - Moscow, 1980; Nurutdinova Lilia - Athletics- Barcelona, 1992; Danilova Olga - cross-country skiing - Nagano, 1998.
Questions - 2:

1. Who was allowed to participate in the Olympic competitions in Olympia?

2. Name the famous mathematician and philosopher - winner of the ancient Olympic Games.

3. What does the inscription on the 143 kg stone dumbbell found during excavations at Olympia say?

4. Olympic flag. What is he like?

5. In which Games did athletes from Russia take part for the first time?

6. Athletes of the USSR - CIS - Russia won 605 gold medals in the 20th century. What are the names of athletes who have 4 or more victories at the Olympic Games?

7. Where does the Olympic torch relay begin?

8. Where is the IOC headquarters?

9. Sports delegations of which countries traditionally open and close the procession during the Opening Ceremony of the Games?

10. Where will the next Winter and Summer Olympic Games be held?
Answers:

1. Men are Greeks (free).

2. Pythagoras.

3. “Vyvon raised it above his head with one hand.”

4. On a white satin cloth measuring 2m x 3m, there are five multi-colored rings.

5. Games of the IV Olympiad, London, 1908.

6. Latynina Larisa, Chukarin Viktor, Shakhlin Boris, Andrianov Nikolay, Turishcheva Lyudmila - gymnastics; Skoblikova Lidiya, Grishin Evgeniy - skating; Egorova Lyubov, Lazutina Larisa, Kulakova Galina, Smetanina Raisa, Zimyatov Nikolay - cross-country skiing; Tikhonov Alexander - biathlon, Popov Alexander - swimming.

7. From the ruins of the temple of the god Zeus in Olympia.

8. Lausanne (Switzerland).

9. The first is the delegation of Greece, the last is the country hosting the Games.

10. Summer Games - 2008 - Beijing (China);

Winter Games - 2006 - Turin (Italy).

Questions-3:
1. Who was not allowed to participate in the Olympic competitions in Olympia?

2. Name the types of pentathlon competitions.

3. When and where the decision to revive was made Olympic movement?

4. In what years were the Olympic Games not held and why?

5. What does the modern Olympic symbol represent - five intertwined multi-colored rings?

6. In what year and where did USSR athletes begin to compete in the Olympic Games?

7. When first lit Olympic flame at the stadium in the capital of the Games?

8. The official language of the IOC is...

9. Which sport traditionally completes summer games?

10. What are the names of the Olympic Games participants from Naberezhnye Chelny?

Answers:

1. Women, foreigners, slaves.

2. Running, long jumping, throwing darts and discus, wrestling.

4. In 1916, 1940, 1944 due to the First and Second World Wars.

5. Unity of athletes from five continents, their meeting at the Olympic Games.

6. 1952, Helsinki - Summer Games; 1956, Cortina d'Ampezzo - winter.

7. 1928, Amsterdam.

8. French and English.

9. Equestrian sport.

10. Utrobin Ivan - ski racing, relay race - 3rd place. Innsbruck, 1964. Kashapov Ravil - athletics (l/a), marathon - 10th place. Seoul, 1988.

Nurutdinova Liliya - l/a, 4x400 m relay - 1st place, 800 m run - 2nd place, Barcelona, 1992.

Sultanova Firaya - l/a, 10000 m run, 22nd place, Atlanta, 1996.

Alexey Kazakov - volleyball, 2nd place - Sydney, 2000

Morgunova Lyubov - l/a, marathon, 23rd place - Sydney, 2000

Questions-4:

1. What was the minimum running distance called at Olympia?

2. In Ancient Greece, the most popular competitions were the pentathlon. What was it called?

3. In 490 BC. After the battle, the Greek warrior ran 42 km 195 m from the town of Marathon to Athens to talk about the great victory of the Greeks over the Persian army. Say his last name.

4. Who is the founder of the modern Olympic movement?

5. In what year and where were the first Winter Olympic Games held?

6. Describe the national emblem Olympic Committee(NOC) of Russia.

7. Who brought the first Olympic medal to the USSR national team?

8. Four athletes were able to win 9 gold medals at the Olympic Games. Name them.

9. In what year was the tradition born of carrying the Olympic torch, lit from the sun’s rays on the ruins of the temple of the god Zeus in Olympia to the cup at the stadium in the capital of the Games?

10. Who is the current IOC President?

Answers:

1. One stage.

2. Pentathlon.

3. Filipidis.

4. Pierre de Fredy, Baron de Coubertin.

5. 1924, Chamonix (France).

6. Five Olympic rings and above them an image of a tricolor flame (white, azure, scarlet) - the colors of the State Flag of the Russian Federation.

7. Ponomareva Nina - l/a, discus throwing.

8. Paavo Nurmi (Finland) - l/a, Larisa Latynina (USSR) - gymnastics, Mark Spitz (USA) - swimming, Carl Lewis (USA) - l/a.

10. Jacques Rogge (Belgium).
Questions-5:
1. What was, according to legend, the distance for running - 1 stage?

2. Who are the Helladonics?

3. How long did an athlete have to prepare to be allowed to participate in the Olympia Games?

4. What is the name of the basic law of the modern Olympic movement?

5. Give the first name Olympic champion modern Games and the sport in which he won.

6. Name the mascot of the Games of the XXI Olympiad, Moscow, 1980.

7. Name the first Olympic champion from Russia and the sport in which he won.

8. For high sports achivments, glorifying our Motherland, several athletes were awarded the title Hero of Russia. Name them.

9. Opening ceremony of the Games. In what order do they enter Olympic Stadium sports delegations of the participating countries (except the first and last)?

10. Who has won the most gold medals in a single game? When? Where? How many?

Answers:

1. 600 feet of Hercules /192m 27cm/.

2. Judges and administrators of the Games.

3. 10 months at home + 1 month in Olympia.

4. Olympic Charter.

5. James Connolly (USA) - triple jump.

6. Misha the bear.

7. Nikolay Panin-Kolomenkin, figure skating, London, 1908

8. Egorova Lyubov, Lazutina Larisa - cross-country skiing; Karelin Alexander - Greco-Roman (classical) wrestling.

9. According to the alphabet of the country where the capital of the Games is located.

10. Swimmer Mark Spitz /USA/, 1972, Munich, seven medals.
Note:

The information contained in this manual is sufficient to create several more options for questions.

The proposed quiz with specific questions allows not only to determine whether the student knows something

or not, but also makes it possible to assess the completeness of this knowledge, as well as the ability of students to correctly formulate an answer.

"Olympic Quiz"

Questions-1:

1. Name the place where the Olympic Games were held in ancient times?Ancient Greece, Olympia, near Mount Kronos.

2. What is pankration?Fighting fist fight.

3. In what year and where were the first modern Olympic Games held?1896, Athens (Greece).

4. Name the colors of the five intertwined rings - the modern symbol of the Olympic movement (top row from left to right, then bottom row).Blue, black, red, yellow, green.

5. What does the Olympic motto sound like in Russian?Faster! Higher! Stronger! (Sitius! Altius! Fortius!).

6. Who was the first athlete to have a monument erected during his lifetime?Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi at the stadium in Helsinki.

7. How the Olympic torch is lit in Olympia? The torch is brought to an oval mirror that focuses the sun's rays.

8. Were the Olympic Games held in our country? If yes, where and when? Moscow, 1980.

9. How many Olympic gold medals were won by athletes of the USSR, CIS, Russia at the Games of the 20th century?? 605 gold medals.

10. What are the names of the Olympic Games champions from Tatarstan?

Kurynov Alexander - weightlifting - Rome, 1960; Likhachev Valery - cycling - Munich, 1972; Simashev Fedor - cross-country skiing; Safin Rinat - biathlon - Sapporo, 1972; Kolesnikov Nikolay - weightlifting; Shubina Lyudmila - handball; Knyazeva Olga, Gilyazova Nailya, Nikonova Valentina - fencing - Montreal, 1976; Loginova Lidiya - volleyball; Kuznetsov Vitaly - judo wrestling - Moscow, 1980; Nurutdinova Liliya - athletics - Barcelona, 1992; Danilova Olga - cross-country skiing - Nagano, 1998.

Questions - 2:

1. Who was allowed to participate in the Olympic competitions in Olympia?The men are Greek (free).

2. Name the famous mathematician and philosopher - winner of the ancient Olympic Games. Pythagoras.

3. What does the inscription on the 143 kg stone dumbbell found during excavations at Olympia say? "Vyvon raised it above his head with one hand."

4. Olympic flag. What is he like?On a white satin cloth measuring 2m x 3m, there are five multi-colored rings.

5. In which Games did athletes from Russia take part for the first time?Games of the IV Olympiad, London, 1908.

6. Athletes of the USSR - CIS - Russia won 605 gold medals in the 20th century. What are the names of athletes who have 4 or more victories at the Olympic Games? Latynina Larisa, Chukarin Viktor, Shakhlin Boris, Andrianov Nikolay, Turishcheva Lyudmila - gymnastics; Skoblikova Lidiya, Grishin Evgeniy - speed skating; Egorova Lyubov, Lazutina Larisa, Kulakova Galina, Smetanina Raisa, Zimyatov Nikolay - cross-country skiing; Tikhonov Alexander - biathlon, Popov Alexander - swimming.

7. Where does the Olympic torch relay begin?From the ruins of the temple of the god Zeus at Olympia.

8. Where is the IOC headquarters?Lausanne (Switzerland).

9. Sports delegations of which countries traditionally open and close the procession during the Opening Ceremony of the Games?The first is the delegation of Greece, the last is the country hosting the Games.

10. Where will the next Winter and Summer Olympic Games be held?

Summer Games - 2012 - London - Great Britain;

Winter Games - 2014 - Sochi - Russia.

Questions-3:

1. Who was not allowed to participate in the Olympic competitions in Olympia?Women, foreigners, slaves.

2. Name the types of pentathlon competitions.Running, long jumping, throwing darts and discus, wrestling.

3. When and where was the decision made to revive the Olympic movement?June 23, 1894 on international congress in Paris.

4. In what years were the Olympic Games not held and why?In 1916, 1940, 1944 due to the First and Second World Wars.

5. What does the modern Olympic symbol represent - five intertwined multi-colored rings?The unity of athletes from five continents, their meeting at the Olympic Games.

6. In what year and where did USSR athletes begin to compete in the Olympic Games?1952, Helsinki - Summer Games; 1956, Cortina d'Ampezzo - winter.

7. When was the Olympic flame first lit at the stadium in the capital of the Games? 1928, Amsterdam.

8. The official language of the IOC is...French and English.

9. What sport traditionally ends the Summer Games? Horseback Riding.

10. What are the names of the Olympic Games participants from Naberezhnye Chelny? Utrobin Ivan - cross-country skiing, relay race - 3rd place. Innsbruck, 1964. Kashapov Ravil - athletics (l/a), marathon - 10th place. Seoul, 1988.

Nurutdinova Liliya - l/a, 4x400 m relay - 1st place, 800 m run - 2nd place, Barcelona, 1992.

Sultanova Firaya - l/a, 10000 m run, 22nd place, Atlanta, 1996.

Alexey Kazakov - volleyball, 2nd place - Sydney, 2000

Morgunova Lyubov - l/a, marathon, 23rd place - Sydney, 2000

Questions-4:

1. What was the minimum running distance called at Olympia? One stage.

2. In Ancient Greece, the most popular competitions were the pentathlon. What was it called? Pentathlon.

3. In 490 BC. After the battle, the Greek warrior ran 42 km 195 m from the town of Marathon to Athens to talk about the great victory of the Greeks over the Persian army. Say his last name. Filipidis.

4. Who is the founder of the modern Olympic movement?Pierre de Fredy, Baron de Coubertin.

5. In what year and where were the first Winter Olympic Games held?1924, Chamonix (France).

6. Describe the emblem of the National Olympic Committee (NOC) of Russia.Five Olympic rings and above them an image of a tricolor flame (white, azure, scarlet) - the colors of the State Flag of the Russian Federation.

7. Who brought the first Olympic medal to the USSR national team?Ponomareva Nina - l/a, discus throwing.

8. Four athletes were able to win 9 gold medals at the Olympic Games. Name them.Paavo Nurmi (Finland) - l/a, Larisa Latynina (USSR) - gymnastics, Mark Spitz (USA) - swimming, Carl Lewis (USA) - l/a.

10. Who is the current IOC President?Jacques Rogge (Belgium).

Questions-5:

1. What was, according to legend, the distance for running - 1 stage?600 feet of Hercules /192m 27cm/.

2. Who are the Helladonics?Judges and administrators of the Games.

3. How long did an athlete have to prepare to be allowed to participate in the Olympia Games?10 months at home + 1 month in Olympia.

4. What is the name of the basic law of the modern Olympic movement?Olympic Charter.

5. Name the first Olympic champion of the modern Games and the sport in which he won.James Connolly (USA) - triple jump.

6. Name the mascot of the Games of the XXI Olympiad, Moscow, 1980.Teddy bear Misha.

7. Name the first Olympic champion from Russia and the sport in which he won.Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin, figure skating, London, 1908.

8. For high sporting achievements glorifying our Motherland, several athletes were awarded the title Hero of Russia. Name them. Egorova Lyubov, Lazutina Larisa - cross-country skiing; Karelin Alexander - Greco-Roman (classical) wrestling.

9. Opening ceremony of the Games. In what order do the sports delegations of the participating countries enter the Olympic Stadium (except for the first and last)?According to the alphabet of the country where the capital of the Games is located.

10. Who has won the most gold medals in a single game? When? Where? How many?Swimmer Mark Spitz /USA/, 1972, Munich, seven medals.

CITIES AND COUNTRIES OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

A total of 21 countries received the right to host the Olympics. At the same time, summer games were held in 18 countries, winter games in 11. The Olympic Games were held:

in the USA - 8 times (4 times - summer and 4 times - winter);

in France - 5 times (2 times - summer and 3 times winter);

in the UK - 3 times (summer);

in Germany - 3 times (2 times - summer and 1 time - winter);

in Japan, Italy, Canada - 3 times (1 summer and 2 times winter);

Australia has hosted the Summer Games twice;

Winter Games have been held twice in Austria, Switzerland and Norway;

Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, USSR, Mexico, South Korea, Spain and China hosted the Summer Games once;

Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) hosted the Winter Games once.

In total, 41 cities hosted the Olympics (summer 22, winter 19). Among cities, London holds the lead in the number of Olympics - 3 times. The Games were held twice in Los Angeles, Paris, Athens - summer, in St. Moritz, Innsbruck, Lake Placid - winter.