Olympic history of swimming. Vladimir Valerievich Salnikov
Synchronized swimming for XXIV summer Olympic Games ah Contents 1 Medalists 2 Countries 3 Results 3.1 ... Wikipedia
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics ... Wikipedia
Freestyle ... Wikipedia
The 200m women's freestyle swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 11 to 13 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 ... Wikipedia
The 400-meter freestyle (women's) swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 10 to 11 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 ... Wikipedia
The 400-meter freestyle (women's) swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 10 to 11 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 Swims ... Wikipedia
The 200m women's freestyle swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 11 to 13 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 Swims ... Wikipedia
The 200m women's freestyle swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 11 to 13 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 Heats 3.1 Qualifiers ... Wikipedia
The 400-meter freestyle (women's) swimming competition at the 2008 Olympics was held from August 10 to 11 at the Beijing National Swimming Complex. Contents 1 Medalists 2 Records 3 Heats 3.1 Qualifiers ... Wikipedia
The famous Soviet swimmer Vladimir Salnikov celebrates his 50th birthday on Friday.
Vladimir Valerievich Salnikov was born on May 21, 1960 in Leningrad. His father, Valery Vladimirovich, was a captain-mentor on timber carriers. Mother - Valentina Mikhailovna - worked as a design engineer at the Leningrad association "Red Dawn".
At the age of seven, Vladimir was enrolled in the swimming pool Sports Club Army (SKA) to the subscription group for beginners. Here coach Gleb Petrov noticed him and began training him. Under his leadership, Salnikov received the title of candidate master of sports. At the USSR Championship, the young athlete took third place, and in 1976 he was already on the team at the Olympics in Montreal.
The leaders of the national team at that time did not have high hopes for the 16-year-old boy, who unexpectedly made it to the finals and turned out to be the first of the long-time swimmers to achieve such results at such a high level.
In 1977, at the European Championships in the Swedish city of Jonkoping, Salnikov became a prize-winner, and in the fall of the same year, at a meeting of USSR and US athletes in Leningrad, he set a world record at a distance of 800 meters. Having lost the championship several times to the American athlete Brian Goodell, the Russian swimmer vowed to win against a strong opponent.
They met again at the 1978 World Championships in West Berlin. Here, a young swimmer set a new European record at a 1500-meter distance, and Goodell this time competed in the relay. At the XXII Olympic Games, Vladimir was ready to fight Goodell, but the Americans did not come to Moscow. This circumstance did not prevent the athlete from swimming a distance of 1500 meters in a record 14.58.27 minutes, which made him the hero of the Olympics. Salnikov became the first swimmer in the history of sports to overcome 1500 meters in less than 15 minutes.
In August 1982, the swimmer again became champion at the World Championships in Guayaquil (Ecuador), finishing first in the 400 and 1500 meters.
In February 1983, at the USSR Championships, he again set world records at distances of 400 and 1500 meters.
Due to the boycott, the athlete was forced to miss the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. After that, he could only participate in the alternative competition “Friendship-84”, where the swimmer again showed excellent results. After this, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Swimming Federation, it was decided that Salnikov’s sports career should end, and he would not go to Seoul for the 1988 Olympics. The athlete himself believed that he had even greater reserves.
He was supported by his wife Marina, who was considered an excellent specialist in medical and biological problems. Master of Sports of the USSR athletics, a former USSR champion in the 200-meter race, she had experience working with the USSR national track and field team, and later with the country's swimming team as a biochemist. She became her husband's trainer, doctor and massage therapist.
In addition, his father-in-law, who at that time was the head of the Center, also played a big role in Salnikov’s preparation. Olympic training, which included at Vladimir’s service one of the strongest biophysical laboratories, specializing in elite sports.
In 1986, the first success of our joint work came - a world record at the first Goodwill Games. Two last season before the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Salnikov fell into a streak of illnesses and other setbacks, winning practically nothing at major international competitions, although he remained invincible in the USSR. However, at the Olympic Games in Seoul, the 28-year-old swimmer showed the best world results of 1988, beating his young strong rivals.
During his sports career, Vladimir Salnikov covered a distance equal to the length of the equator. From 1977 to 1986, he did not lose a single start in the world at a distance of 1500 meters freestyle. The world record, set by the athlete in 1983, lasted eight years, and the European record lasted from 1983 to 2000. Another highest achievement is the USSR record in the 1500-meter freestyle, set by Salnikov in 1983, which has not been broken to this day. Vladimir Salnikov became a four-time world champion and a five-time European champion.
For outstanding sports achivments Vladimir Salnikov was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1985), the October Revolution (1988), and the Red Banner of Labor (1980). In 1980 he was awarded a special prize International Federation swimming (FINA), in 1983 included in the International Gallery of Swimming Fame (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA), in 1986 awarded the International Gagarin Prize. In 1979, 1980 and 1983, according to polls American magazine"World of Swimming", recognized as the best swimmer in the world. In 2001, the International Swimming Gallery of Fame in Fort Lauderdale (Florida, USA) included him among the best swimmers on the planet of the twentieth century.
In 1982, Salnikov graduated from the State Central Order of Lenin Institute physical culture, in 1988 - graduate school, worked as a coach for a group of coaches and athletes of the Sports Committee of the Ministry of Defense (1982-1986), then coached the CSKA swimming team (1986-1988).
After the triumph in Seoul, Salnikov was approved as the head coach of the USSR national swimming team (1989-1990), but soon resigned from this position.
In 1989-1991, Salnikov was vice-president of the USSR Swimming Federation, in 1991-2001 - deputy general director of the Olympus International IP. Was a member Olympic Committee USSR (1984-1990), member of the athletes' commission of the International Swimming Federation (FINA) (1991-2000).
Since 1996, he became an honorary member of the Russian Golf Association, was engaged in business: he was the general representative in Russia of the Speedo company, and led the creation of the first Moscow water park.
In November 2009, Vladimir Salnikov was appointed acting president All-Russian Federation swimming (WFTU), in February 2010 elected president of the WFTU.
Vladimir Salnikov has a son, Vladimir, born in 1988.
Salnikov enjoys tennis, golf, alpine skiing, windsurfing, scuba diving.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
159 countries. 8391 athletes (2194 women). 25 sports. Leaders in the unofficial team competition: 1. USSR (55-31-46); 2. GDR (37-35-30); 3. USA (36-31-27)
The mascot of the Olympic Games in Seoul was a cute tiger cub in a bowler hat, Hodori. A competition was announced and his name was chosen by the whole world; residents of the country offered 2295 options.
At these Games, the strongest athletes of the USSR, USA, East Germany, Japan and other countries finally took to the start line together again. However, the boycott could not be completely avoided.
Once again the Games were boycotted, this time by the NOCs of Cuba, North Korea, Ethiopia, Nicaragua and some other countries. Unfortunately, this happened because these Games were preceded by political “games.” Some sports figures believed that the situation on the Korean Peninsula was too unstable, others, and most importantly the IOC, insisted that the Olympic competitions should be held only on the Korean Peninsula - since Seoul was elected - and nowhere else... As one might expect, the opinion of the IOC prevailed, which in detail dealt with this problem, studied it well: to hold the Games in Korea. There was a lot of talk about Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea holding the competition together. However, even here the politicians failed to reach an agreement. North Korea, in response to the IOC’s refusal to hold the Olympics on the territory of both Korean states, called on its allies in the socialist bloc to boycott the Games in Seoul. Cuba, Ethiopia, the DPRK itself and several other countries responded to the call of the North Korean comrades.
The preparation and holding of the Olympic Games in Seoul showed that the International Olympic Committee was right. By many parameters - the number of participating countries, athletes, coaches, officials and representatives of the media - over 20 thousand people, awards up for grabs - 237 sets of medals, security personnel - more than 120 thousand people, and, finally, in terms of the number of television viewers watching the competition - over 3 billion people in 139 countries - the Games in Seoul were record high.
At the opening ceremony of the Olympics, the torch with the Olympic flame was carried into the stadium by 76-year-old Sohn Kee-chung, winner of the Olympic marathon in 1936. Then he was forced to perform using a Japanese name, so Korea was occupied by Japan. In 1936, he competed as the Japanese athlete Kitei Son.
The Olympic program has once again been expanded - tennis and table tennis, 10 thousand m running for women, women's sprint in cycling and 11 more new disciplines.
Tennis was first introduced at the Olympic Games in 1896. Tennis players consistently played at the Olympics until 1924. However, after 1924, the conflict between professional and amateur sports prevented the strongest players from competing in the games until 1988. Only the Olympics in Seoul again welcomed tennis players into the Olympic family.
Steffi Graf beat Gabriella Sabatini in the women's final, and Miloslav Mecir became the men's champion, leaving Boris Becker with silver.
Steffi Graf is a German athlete and one of the most titled tennis players in the world. The first coach was her father, Peter Graf, the head of a small tennis club. Later, she began to train with the formerly famous Czechoslovak tennis player P. Slozl. In addition, she was involved in general physical training and basketball. In 1986, the seventeen-year-old athlete became the best athlete in Germany. In 1987, she won the US Championship, beating the recognized favorites Martina Navratilova and K. Evert. In 1988 she won Wimbledon tournament, she became the second German athlete to win this prestigious tournament. In 1988 she won the open championship USA, thereby winning their way into the Grand Slam club.
The national team of the Soviet Union performed with great success in Seoul. She won the team competition by a large margin, winning 18 gold medals more than her closest rival, the GDR team.
The title of the strongest gymnasts on the planet was confirmed by Soviet athletes Elena Shushunova and Vladimir Artemov. They were also supported by their teammates - 10 out of 14 gold medals went to our athletes. Daniela Silivas, an athlete from the Romanian national team, received three gold medals (floor exercise, beam and uneven bars). This achievement once again emphasized the enormous successes of the Romanian school of gymnastics.
Our track and field athletes also looked very good in Seoul – 10 top awards. The winners were track cycling racers, volleyball players, wrestlers, kayakers and canoeists, and men's handball and basketball teams.
After a 16-year break, Soviet basketball players again rose to the highest step of the podium. In the final of the basketball tournament, the USSR team beat the Yugoslav team with a 13-point advantage and took first place.
After a 32-year break, gold medals in football went to the USSR national team, which defeated Brazil in the final with a score of 2:1. Igor Dobrovolsky and Yuri Savichev scored goals against the opponents.
Rhythmic gymnastics made its debut at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles, but the world's strongest athletes from the USSR and Bulgaria did not participate. In Seoul they took to the stage, and gold medal The champion was won by 18-year-old student from Minsk Marina Lobach.
Vladimir Salnikov achieved a rare success for swimmers. He again became a champion, just like eight years ago in Moscow. But they didn’t want to take Salnikov to the Games at all. Not everyone liked Salnikov’s desire to try to compete at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. In 1985, Koshkin, who became the head coach of the national team, told the swimmer: “You and I have done everything.” I don’t know how to train further. It's hardly worth continuing. He was sincerely convinced that the time had come for Vladimir to finish swimming. And, an honest man, he did not hide his opinion. This is probably why at a meeting of the Presidium of the Swimming Federation, Koshkin said that “Salnikov has exhausted himself.” Vladimir’s new coach was his wife Marina, a highly qualified specialist in medical and biological problems. She began her practical activities in the scientific group of sprinters of the country's track and field athletics team, then worked for several years in Koshkin's coaching team. Marina became for her husband a trainer, a doctor, a massage therapist, even to some extent a manager... Tubfuls of dirt were poured onto Salnikov. "How? - they were indignant. - Is he preparing under the guidance of his wife? This is nonsense, it’s not supposed to be like that!” But they did not give up, and life confirmed them to be right.
Speaking of swimmers, one cannot help but note the success of the athlete from the GDR, Christina Otto. She received 6 gold medals in swimming and became one of the heroes of the Olympics. Her achievement is a kind of record for women's Olympic sports and an absolute record for the Games in Seoul in terms of gold medals won.
American swimmer Matt Biondi was just one gold medal behind K. Otto. Having received 5 Olympic gold medals, he entered the start of the next 100 m butterfly race as a leader. However, he failed to get his 6th gold. The victory of athlete from Suriname Anthony Nesti in this distance was a sensation. For this feat, the government of Suriname awarded its compatriot the highest Order of the Yellow Star. And Mat Biondi added silver and bronze to his 5 gold medals.
American Janet Evans won three gold medals in swimming. Janet is perhaps the most remarkable female swimmer on long distances throughout the history of sports. She first attracted attention at the Goodwill Games in 1986, and in 1988 she competed at the Olympics as the holder of world records at distances of 400 m, 800 m and 1500 m. And she did not disappoint the fans, improving her own world record by winning in the 400 m. In addition, she received gold medals in the 800 m and 400 m. At her second Olympics in 1992, Janet successfully defended her Olympic title in the 800 m, but for the first time since 1986 she finished second to Dagmar Heise (Germany) at a distance of 400 m.
Between 1986 and 1995, Janet Evans won 25 of 27 international competitions in the 400 m and 22 of 23 in the 800 m. Her records, set back in 1988-89 at distances of 400, 800 and 1500 m, remained unbroken until until 1999. Evans completed her Olympic performances in 1996 in Atlanta, losing the 800m freestyle, the only event she competed in in Atlanta.
The doping scandals at the Seoul Games were huge. The victory, and then... the debunking of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson, became an unpleasant sensation. He outright outplayed all his competitors in the 100 meter race. But when it came to doping control... the medal had to be returned!
Let's talk about this event in more detail. On September 24, 1988, at the Seoul Olympic Stadium, Ben Johnson, a 26-year-old Jamaican with a Canadian passport, stuns the world with a 100-meter time of 9.79 seconds. He adds the title to the title of world champion Olympic winner and world record holder.
Two days later the same sports world stunned by other news: Johnson caught for doping, banned olympic gold, and at the same time two of his world records. In a matter of weeks, everyone turns away from the dark-skinned “Mr. Dope.” The children of neighbors killed his beloved cat, the Conservative government of Canada, Brian Mulroney, began to seriously consider the issue of deporting the ex-champion to Jamaica and depriving him of his citizenship. Two years later, his disqualification period expired. But the persecution of the “vile deceiver” continued. It was led by Prince de Merode, the main anti-doping fighter in the IOC. He promised to take a runner red-handed at the Barcelona Olympics. It didn't work out.
They “got” Johnson on January 17, 1993, at an athletics tournament in Toronto. A 16-fold excess of the prohibited anabolic steroid, testosterone, was found in his urine sample. And this time the leadership of the International Athletics Federation disqualified the Canadian for life.
Here are some more examples. Bulgarian athletes Mitko Grablev (category up to 56 kg) and Angel Genchev (category up to 67.5 kg) won gold medals in weightlifting competitions on September 19 and 21, 1988, respectively. On September 23, both were stripped of their medals and banned for two years after testing positive for furosemide.
On September 24, the leadership of the Bulgarian weightlifting team removed athletes who had not yet competed from the competition, and the team of Bulgarian weightlifters left Seoul.
On September 22, Hungarian weightlifter Kalman Csengeri took fourth place in the up to 75 kg category. On September 25 in Seoul, he was caught doping and disqualified for using testosterone. On September 26, another Hungarian weightlifter, Andro Szanyi, won silver in the up to 100 kg category, but on September 28 he returned the medal because he was caught using stanozolol. On September 29, the entire Hungarian weightlifting team withdrew from the competition.
The GDR athletes performed very successfully in Seoul, ahead of the US team. According to experts, in athletics, kayaking and canoeing, as well as swimming, GDR athletes should have won another 6-8 medals. A number of experts attribute this failure to the fact that GDR athletes were forced to violate the system of pharmacological support for training, fearing doping control, which was carried out much more effectively at the Games in Seoul than at all previous competitions.
The doping problem at the Seoul Games came to the forefront among the problems of modern Olympic sports.
By all accounts, the Seoul Olympics were not very successful for US Olympians. However, there was an athlete on the US Olympic team who was unanimously recognized as the hero of the Games in Seoul. This athlete was Florence Griffith-Joyner.
Flo-Jo (as the runner was called) is one of eleven children in the family of an electrician and a teacher. Chartered psychologist Florence Griffith-Joyner was, for the time being, considered simply a good sprinter. However, in the 1988 Olympic season, truly amazing metamorphoses began to occur to her. At the US Championships in Indianapolis, where the selection for the Olympic Games in Seoul took place, Griffith-Joyner set a world record of 10.49 seconds in the quarterfinals of the 100 m. She improved the previous achievement of compatriot Evelyn Ashford by 0.3 seconds - in a sprint this is simply a huge leap.
In Indianapolis, Flo-Jo first appeared before everyone in a shocking outfit - a purple jumpsuit that covered only one right leg. So, along with a phenomenal career in sports, her career as an extravagant supermodel began. Magazines "People", "Life", "Vogue" were ringing up the phone number of Florence's personal photographer. 11-centimeter gold-plated nails painted in the colors of the national flag, magnificent makeup, streamlined “aerospace” suits, a white-toothed smile, a cascade of flowing black hair that the runner always let down before running - all this made Flo-Jo a favorite subject of photographers and a trendsetter in sports fashion.
At the Seoul Olympics, Griffith-Joyner won three gold medals in the 100 and 200 m and in the 4x100 m relay. There she also broke the world record in the two-hundred-meter dash (21.34 seconds), improving the record of German Marita Koch by 0. 37 sec.
Three-time Olympic champion in athletics, Luhansk resident Olga Bryzgina, is the only Soviet athlete who managed to overtake Florence Griffith-Joyner. This happened just at the Olympic Games in Seoul, during the final race of the 4x400 meter relay at the Olympic Games in Seoul (then the USSR team defeated the Americans). “In Seoul, we sincerely admired the talent of the American star Florence Griffith-Joyner,” recalled Olga Bryzgina. “We wondered where she got so much strength, is it possible? Griffith-Joyner at first was not going to participate in the 4x400 meter relay. We are only in the accumulator (where preparations for entering the treadmill) learned that Florence was running again. Oh, and I was nervous then, there was something to be afraid of, my soul just sank into my heels. After all, I had to compete with an experienced American woman in the most important final section of the race.”
Five minutes before the start, Florence appeared in front of the public - so extravagant, with long six-inch nails, in a bright, tight-fitting jumpsuit... Soviet athletes looked very modest compared to her.
The Americans, it must be said, always put on a real show when they entered the starting line. People crowded around Florence, all the reporters hovered only around her...
The world records set by Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 seemed so incredible and fantastic that many wondered if she was using anabolic steroid. Repeated doping tests of the runner refuted these speculations. Nevertheless, many experts, when mentioning the name Florence, said something like this: “You can talk as much as you like about the athlete’s talent, but her rapid progress is incredible. And her muscular development before the Olympics in Seoul is beyond any human norm.”
“I have never used and do not recommend anyone to use doping. My results and very developed muscles are the result of persistent special training under the guidance of my husband,” Florence Griffith-Joyner always asserted in response to offensive hints. However, when the International Olympic Committee launched an active anti-doping campaign after the incident with Ben Johnson (who was disqualified from the Olympic Games in Seoul) and announced a sharp increase in doping tests, Florence Griffith-Joyner suddenly announced the end of her sports career. Meanwhile, her husband Al Joyner (winner of gold at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics in the triple jump) remained in the sport and was caught doping...
Her first Olympics was in 1984 in Los Angeles, where she became a silver medalist in the 200 m. In 1987, at the World Championships in Rome, she came second in the 200 m. After a successful performance in 1988 in Seoul, she decided to retire from sports.
After leaving the track, Griffith-Joyner joined the American President's Council on Exercise and Sports. In addition, she began modeling clothes, worked with children and wrote books about sports. On the eve of the Olympics in Atlanta, Florence shocked everyone with the message that she intended to return to athletics. But shortly before the Games, she suffered a heart attack on the plane while flying to a charity event. Then Florence was kept in the hospital for a day. The second attack, on September 21, 1998, ended in the death of the athlete at the age of 39.
The list of world athletics records includes many achievements with a beard. But Flo’s records are considered one of the most mystical and incredible results of which the female body is capable. Since Florence Griffith-Joyner set world records, two generations of outstanding runners have passed, but no one has achieved these achievements. These records seem immortal to a person far from sports.
There are no uninteresting competitions at the Olympic Games. In each of the sports, in any of the program numbers, there are events that leave no one indifferent. Nevertheless, the main thing at the Games was and remains the athletics tournament. This is a kind of core around which the life of the Olympics goes. US track and field athletes were ahead of everyone in the number of gold medals won - 13. Soviet athletes received 10 awards.
An outstanding American athlete, the hero of the last Olympics, Carl Lewis was the best in the 100 m race and in the long jump; he was awarded a silver medal for winning the 200 m distance. In the 4x100 m relay, the USSR team won gold.
At these Games a unique record was registered in women's olympic sport: Swedish fencer Kerstin Palm took part in the Olympic tournament for the seventh time since 1964.
But Seoul's most amazing achievement is that of East German cyclist Christa Luding-Rothenburger, who won silver in the women's sprint. The uniqueness of this silver medal lies in the fact that Krista became the first athlete in history to win medals at both the Winter and Summer Olympics in the same year! At the 1988 Calgary Olympics, she won a gold medal in speed skating.
One of the biggest losers of the Seoul Olympics was American boxer Roy Jones. On October 2, 1988, the 19-year-old boxer met in the final fight in the up to 71 kg category with South Korean boxer Park Si Hoon. In the fight, Jones had a clear advantage and even knocked down his opponent. By the end of the fight, the ratio of blows reached 86:32 in favor of the American. Despite this, the judges awarded the victory to the Korean athlete by three votes to two. During the announcement of the judges' decision, the beaten winner could barely hold himself in vertical position. The American delegation filed a protest, but the judges' decision was not changed.
Instead of a gold medal, Roy Jones received the Val Barker Trophy from the International Amateur Boxing Association and the title of the most outstanding boxer of the Seoul Games. This unofficial prize is awarded at every Olympics, but until 1988 it was usually awarded to Olympic champion. In November 1988, three judges from Uganda, Uruguay and Morocco who gave the victory to the Korean were disqualified for two years for biased judging. In 1996, it was proven that these arbitrators received bribes from members of the Korean delegation.
Since the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, the scoring rules in boxing have been changed. If previously judges recorded scores on pieces of paper that were given to the referee at the end of the fight, now they press a computer button immediately after the blow delivered by the boxer. A point is entered into the computer system if three out of five judges press the button. On September 9, 1997, in Lausanne, Switzerland, Roy Jones was awarded the Silver Olympic Order in recognition of his services to Olympic movement. The decision to award the medals was never revised.
The national team of the Soviet Union won a convincing victory in Seoul (55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals).
GDR athletes, for the second time (the first time at the 1976 Games), managed to get ahead of the US team: 636 points and 102 medals - 37 gold, 35 silver, 30 bronze. They achieved the greatest success in swimming (we have already talked about this) - 11 gold medals, in rowing- 8, in athletics - 6.
As for the US Olympians, the Seoul Olympics were not very successful for them. They were only in third place with 632 points and 92 medals - 36 gold, 31 silver, 25 bronze. They performed most successfully in athletics - 13 gold medals, and swimming - 8 gold medals. They also performed successfully in boxing, managing to win three weight categories. In diving, freestyle wrestling, tennis, kayaking and canoeing, American athletes each received two gold medals. M. Biondi performed most successfully in the US team (we have already talked about this), who won 5 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals.
The sensation of the Olympic Games was the performance of the hosts of the Olympics, the athletes of the Republic of Korea, who received 12 gold medals - the 4th result, and were ahead of the teams of Germany, Great Britain, China, Bulgaria, and Hungary in this indicator. The Olympians of the Republic of Korea managed to win 3 gold medals in archery, 2 each in judo, boxing and table tennis, 1 each in freestyle and classical wrestling.
Olympic Games - 2012. London (UK)
| The games took place from July 27 to August 12, 2012. London became the first city to host the games for the third time. The number of participating countries is 204. The number of athletes is 10,957. The games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. The IOC decided to exclude baseball and softball from the Games, but allowed women to take part in boxing for the first time. In total, competitions were held in 26 sports and 39 sports disciplines. The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics took place from 28 July to 10 August at the London Aquatic Center and Hyde Park on the Serpentine Lake, specially built for the Games. 34 sets of awards were played (17 each for men and women), of which 32 - in swimming in the pool and 2 - in swimming open water. |
At the Games in London, American swimmer Michael Phelps, adding 4 gold and 2 silver medals to his treasury, became the only 18-time Olympic champion in the history of sports. Having won a total of 22 olympic medals, he broke the medal record of Soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina (18 Olympic medals), which stood for 48 years.
For the first time, the athlete successfully competed in pool and open water competitions. It was Tunisian Osama Mellouli, who won in the pool bronze medal at a distance of 1500 m and became an Olympic champion, participating in the 10 km marathon swim.
At the London Olympics Russian athletes V swimming pool won four awards. Two silver medals were won by Anastasia Zueva in the 200m backstroke and Evgeniy Korotyshkin in the 100m butterfly, who lost only to Michael Phelps. Two bronze medals were won by Yulia Efimova in the 200 m breaststroke and the men's 4x100 m freestyle relay (Andrey Grechin, Sergey Fesikov, Danila Izotov, Vladimir Morozov, Evgeny Lagunov and Nikita Lobintsev).
Yulia Efimova set a Russian and European record in the 200m breaststroke - 2:20.92. Veronica Popova set national records in the 200m freestyle - 1.56.84, and the women's team of Anastasia Zueva, Yulia Efimova, Irina Bespalova and Veronika Popova in the 4x100m medley relay - 3.56.03.
Medals of the Russian national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 in London (0-2-2):
Olympic Games - 2008. Beijing (China)
 |
11,099 athletes from 204 countries took part in the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, held in the capital of the People's Republic of China. 302 sets of awards were played in 28 sports. Most swimming competitions were held at the Beijing National Aquatic Center, specially built for the Games. Only the open water races were held at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing Park. The swimming program at the Beijing Games has been expanded. It included open water swimming ( marathon distance 10 km). The total number of award sets up for grabs has increased to 34: Freestyle: 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m (women), |
won at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad 2008 in Beijing (1-1-2):
Olympic Games - 2004. Athens (Greece)
Medals of the Russian swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad 2004 in Athens (0-1-0):
Olympic Games - 2000. Sydney (Australia)
Medals of the Russian swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXVII Olympiad 2000 in Sydney (0-1-1):
Olympic Games - 1996. Atlanta (USA)
 |
10,500 athletes from 197 countries gathered for the Games of the XXVI Olympiad. 271 sets of medals were competed in 26 sports. The games took place in the year celebrating the centenary of the modern Olympics. Softball debuted at the Olympics Beach volleyball, mountain bike, women's football and lightweight crew races in rowing. American swimmer Amy Van Dyken won the most gold medals, four. She won the 50 meter freestyle, 100 meter butterfly; and also competed in the 4x100 freestyle and medley relay. Russian swimmer Alexander Popov won the 50 and 100 meter freestyle events at the second Games in a row. The swimming competition was held at the Georgia Tech Swimming Complex. |
Medals of the Russian swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad 1996 in Atlanta (4-2-2):
Olympic Games - 1992. Barcelona (Spain)
 |
9,356 athletes from 172 countries took part in the Games of the XXV Olympiad. When the relay team was awarded, the IOC flag with the Olympic rings was raised and “Ode to Joy” from Ludwig van Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony was played. A similar procedure was followed when awarding athletes of the united German team at the games in 1956, 1960 and 1964. Thus, when awarding Alexander Popov and Evgeniy Sadovoy, the Russian anthem was played, Elena Rudkovskaya - the Belarusian one, and the CIS relay team - “Ode to Joy”. |
United Swimming Team Medals,
won at the Games of the XXV Olympiad 1992 in Barcelona (6-3-1):
| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|
|
Elena Rudkovskaya 100m breaststroke (1.08.00) Alexander Popov 50 m/s (21.91) Alexander Popov 100 m/s (49.02) Evgeny Sadovy 200 m a/s (1.46.70) Evgeny Sadovy 400 m a/s (3.45.00) 4x200m relay race (7.11.95) WR Dmitry Lepikov, |
Vladimir Selkov 200m backstroke (1:58.87) 4x100 m high-speed relay (3.17.56) Pavlo Khnykin, 4x100m medley relay (3.38.56) Vladimir Selkov, |
4x100m medley relay (4.06.44) Nina Zhivanevskaya, |
Olympic Games - 1988. Seoul (South Korea)
 |
In Games X XIV Olympiad 9414 athletes from 160 countries took part. The USSR national team missed the 1984 games in Los Angeles due to a political boycott. Therefore, at the Seoul Olympics, Soviet athletes were faced with the task of proving that they, as before, are trendsetters in world sports. The USSR national team took first place in the team competition, winning 132 medals, including 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze. Football team Soviet athletes won the Olympic Games for the first time. The performance of Canadian runner Ben Johnson was scandalous - he was disqualified for doping and he was forced to return the gold medal. |
won at the Games of the XXIV Olympiad 1988 in Seoul (2-2-5):
Olympic Games - 1984. Los Angeles (USA)
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Responding with a mutual boycott, the USSR and most socialist countries (except China, Romania, Yugoslavia) refused to come to the Games of the XXIII Olympiad. The USSR, meanwhile, held its own alternative competition - "Friendship-84". 6,797 athletes from 140 countries took part in the Olympic Games. 221 sets of medals were competed in 23 sports. The main hero of the Games was the American runner Carl Lewis, who won 4 gold medals. On the eve of the Olympic Games, world records in swimming Olympic program(29 distances, 15 men's and 14 women's) belonged to swimmers from the GDR - 10, USA - 9, Germany - 3, USSR - 3, Canada and Australia - 2 each. |
Olympic Games - 1980. Moscow (USSR)
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5,217 athletes came to the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow. Some types of competitions took place in other cities of the USSR. In Tallinn - sailing regattas; in Kyiv, Leningrad and Minsk - preliminary football tournament. During the preparation for the Olympic Games, new buildings were built and reconstructed athletic facilities: sports complex"Olympic"; terminal No. 2 of Sheremetyevo airport; Olimpic village; rowing canal and cycle track "Krylatskoye"; equestrian center in Bitsa; Hotel Cosmos; reconstruction of the Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin; new building of the Ostankino television center. To promote the Olympic Games and receive additional funds to organize competitions, various souvenirs, badges, sports literature, postal envelopes, a series of sports stamps were issued, posters were hung, and Olympic lotteries were held. July 19, 1980 - About 17,000 people took part in the opening ceremony of the Games. Olympic flame Soviet basketball player Sergei Belov lit the fire. |
From the information board, the Soviet cosmonauts greeted the Olympians and wished them happy starts.
203 medals were awarded in 23 sports.
80 countries took part in the Moscow Games. But some countries did not come (athletes from the USA, Canada, Turkey, South Korea), organizing a boycott related to political confrontation. But, despite the boycott, great sports festival took place!
At the closing ceremony - a huge bear, to the sound of the song “Goodbye, Moscow!” (poet Nikolai Dobronravov and composer Alexandra Pakhmutova), rose in balloons above Olympic Stadium Luzhniki, waving its paw goodbye. It was an unforgettable sight and the spectators’ eyes began to sparkle with tears.
Sports meetings of swimmers at the Moscow Olympic Games were held in the new olympic pool, built on Prospekt Mira.
The new pool is loved by swimmers from various countries. Athletes and their coaches called him speedy.
It's no coincidence that in days Olympic competitions athletes were updated 238 national records in swimming, including 10 world and 22 Olympic. Over 300 athletes took part in competitions in 26 types of swimming (13 for men and the same for women). Compared to the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, the competition program has not undergone any changes. For the second time in a row, the men's 4x100 meter freestyle relay was absent from the swimming program. 333 athletes from 41 countries took part in the competition.
The swimmers from the GDR performed most successfully; they won almost half of all gold medals played - 12, and in the women's part of the program the Germans won 11 out of 13 events, and in 6 out of 11 events individual program GDR swimmers occupied the entire podium. USSR swimmers won 22 medals, 8 of which were gold. Compared to the Games in Montreal, Soviet athletes performed much more successfully; then they had 9 awards, only one of which was gold. Only in one event out of 26 was there not a single representative of the GDR or USSR on the podium of the Moscow Games - the men's 200-meter backstroke. In total, representatives from 11 countries won awards, and 6 of them won at least one gold.
The hero of the Games was 20-year-old Soviet swimmer Vladimir Salnikov, who won 3 golds - 400 and 1500 m freestyle, as well as in the 4x200 m freestyle relay. At the same time, at a distance of 1500 meters, Salnikov set a world record, becoming the first in history to swim this distance faster than 15 minutes - 14 minutes 58.27 seconds. The silver medalist was more than 16 seconds behind Vladimir.
Among the women, 16-year-old German Ines Diers distinguished herself; she won medals in all types of freestyle swimming, including the 4x100 m relay. Germans Barbara Krause, Rika Reinisch and Karen Mechuk won 3 gold each (she also had one silver).
Following the results of the Games in Moscow, new world records were set at 7 distances:
In addition to the already mentioned achievement of Salnikov, 6 more records were set by German swimmers. 17-year-old Petra Schneider won gold in the 400m individual medley in a world record, more than 10.5 seconds ahead of the silver medalist. Schneider's time would allow her to win gold in this distance at the next 4 Olympic Games until 1996.
Subsequently, it turned out that German swimmers, like other athletes from the GDR, took anabolic steroids based on testosterone, but then the doping services did not reveal this, and all the medals of the Moscow Games remained with their owners. 3-time Olympic champion 15-year-old Rika Reinisch graduated sports career already a year after the Moscow Games, as her mother feared for her daughter’s health.
Medals of the USSR national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXII Olympiad in 1980 in Moscow (8-9-5):
| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|
|
Sergey Koplyakov 200 m/s (1.49.81) OR Vladimir Salnikov 400 m/s (3.51.31) OR Vladimir Salnikov 1500 m a/s (14.58.27) WR Robertas Zulpa 200m breaststroke (2.15.8) Sergey Fesenko 200 m baht. (1.59.76) Alexander Sidorenko 400 m complex (4.22.89) OR Lina Kaciushite 200m breaststroke (2.29.54) OR 4x200 m high-speed relay (7.23.50) Sergey Koplyakov, |
Andrey Krylov 200 m/s (1.50.76) Andrey Krylov 400 m a/s (3.53.24) Alexander Chaev 1500 m a/s (15.14.30) Victor Kuznetsov 100m backstroke (56.99) Arsen Misrakov 100m breaststroke (1.03.82) Sergey Fesenko 400 m complex (4.23,43) Elvira Vasilkova 100m breaststroke (1.10.41) Svetlana Varganova 200m breaststroke (2.29.61) 4x100m medley relay (3.45.92) Viktor Kuznetsov, |
Ivar Stukolkin 400 m a/s (1.53.95) Vladimir Dolgov 100m backstroke (57.63) Arsen Misrakov 200m breaststroke (2.17.28) Yulia Bogdanova 200m breaststroke (2.32.39) 4x100m medley relay (4.13.61) Elena Kruglova, |
Olympic Games - 1976. Montreal (Canada)
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At the Games of the XXI Olympiad, the Olympic flame was delivered to the stadium using a satellite. Athletes from 92 countries came to Montreal - 6028 athletes. Soviet athletes take first place in the team competition. 125 medals were won, including 49 gold, 41 silver and 35 bronze. 198 sets of medals were competed in 21 sports. Basketball was included in the Games program for the first time, in which Soviet athletes won and became champions. Olympic competitions were held in 26 types of swimming (13 among men and the same among women) - 3 less than in Mexico City and Munich (due to the exclusion of men and women medley swimming 200m and men's 4x100m relay). Thus, for the first time in the history of the Games, the women's program was equal in the number of distances to the men's, thereby ending the inequality that had lasted more than 60 years. |
Over the 7 days of competition, 77 new Olympic records were set (women - 40, men - 37), 29 world records (women - 11, men - 18), 25 European (women - 11, men - 14) and 30 USSR records (women - 14). 19, men - 11). Olympic records were updated at 25 distances (except for the men's 100 m butterfly, where the world and world record set in Munich remained unbroken olympic record American Mark Spitz - 54.27). Of the 77 new Olympic records, swimmers from the USA hold 33, the GDR - 23, the USSR - 7 (Marina Kosheva - 2, Tamara Shelofastova, Andrei Bogdanov, Andrei Krylov, Arvydas Juozaitis, Vladimir Raskatov and the national team in the 4x200 m high-speed relay - 1 each ), Canada - 5, Great Britain - 3, Holland - 2, New Zealand, Brazil, Hungary and Germany - 1 each.
World records were registered in 22 types of swimming (except for 200 m butterfly, 100 and 200 m backstroke for women, 100 m butterfly for men. In the 100 m butterfly for women, the world record was repeated, which, according to FINA rules, is considered to be setting a world record ); 18 of them were installed by swimmers from the USA, 9 by the GDR, 1 each by Great Britain and the USSR. Of the 25 European records, 11 are also world records. European records were set by swimmers from the GDR - 11, the USSR - 9, the FRG - 3, the UK - 2.
The Soviet team participating in the Olympic swimming competitions in Montreal included 31 athletes (11 women and 20 men) - 7 more than at the Munich Olympics. The 1976 Olympic team included 2 veterans - participants in the two previous (XIX and XX) Olympiads: Honored Masters of Sports of the USSR Vladimir Bure and Nikolai Pankin. The remaining 29 swimmers joined the national team after the Munich Olympics and participated in Olympic competitions for the first time. Of these, 7 people (Lyubov Kobzova, Natalya Popova, Lyubov Rusanova, Tamara Shelofastova, Vladimir Mikheev, Valentin Parinov and Andrei Smirnov) were included in the 1973 national team and were participants in the 1st World Swimming Championships in Belgrade. The swimmers listed above and 9 more (Irina Vlasova, Marina Klyuchnikova, Nadezhda Stavko, Klavdiya Studennikova, Marina Yurchenya, Andrei Bogdanov, Andrei Krylov, Alexander Manachinsky and Igor Omelchenko) participated in the summer of 1975 in the second world swimming championship (in Cali). Finally, 13 swimmers (Marina Koshevaya, Larisa Tsareva, Mikhail Gorelik, Vladimir Dementyev, S. Mikolutsky, Vladimir Raskatov, Vladimir Salnikov, Evgeniy Serednin, Anatoly Smirnov and Arvydas Juozaitis) first joined the national team in 1976. The youngest were in team Marina Koshevaya and Vladimir Salnikov (16 years old), the oldest are Lyubov Rusanova (22 years old) and Nikolay Pankin (27 years old).
In total, swimmers from 6 republics and 15 cities were included in the Soviet Olympic team: RSFSR - 19 (Moscow - 9, Leningrad - 8, Krasnodar and Lipetsk - 1 each); Ukraine - 6 (Kharkov - 2, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye and Kyiv - 1 each); Belarus - 2 (Minsk and Mogilev), Georgia - 2 (Tbilisi and Batumi); Lithuania - 1 (Vilnius); Latvia - 1 (Riga).
In 1976, under the leadership of Sergei Vaitsekhovsky, our swimmers took 3rd place in the team competition, behind the US and GDR teams.
Medals of the USSR national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XXI Olympiad in 1976 in Montreal (1-3-5):
Olympic Games - 1972. Munich (Germany)
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At the Games of the XX Olympiad, again Soviet athletes took first place in the team competition, having won 99 medals. Among which are 50 gold, 27 silver, 22 bronze. Valery Borzov won the 100 and 200 meters, thereby breaking the monopoly of victories of American athletes. Alexander Medved became a three-time Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling. Another Soviet athlete Ivan Yarygin also showed an excellent performance in freestyle wrestling. The record holder for the most gold medals in the entire history of the Olympics is American swimmer Mark Spitz. The XX Olympics left tragic memories in history - a terrorist attack. But, despite attempts to disrupt the competition, at the IOC meeting it was decided to continue the Olympic Games. The continuation of the Games allowed us to see new sporting achievements, records and victories. |
551 swimmers (297 men and 254 women) from 51 countries competed in Munich. Soviet Union was represented at the Games of the XX Olympiad by 26 of the strongest swimmers (14 athletes and 12 athletes). For the third time, Galina Prozumenshchikova-Stepanova, Vladimir Kosinsky and Viktor Mazanov participated in the Olympic Games, for the second time - Vladimir Bure, Georgy Kulikov, Nikolai Pankin, Victor Sharygin and Tinatin Lekveishvili. For the first time, crawlers Igor Grivennikov (Moscow), Alexander Samsonov (Moscow region), Viktor Aboimov (Karaganda), Tatyana Zolotnitskaya (Novosibirsk), Elena Timoshenko, Nadezhda Matyukhina and Olga Petruseva (all from Moscow), breaststroke swimmers Igor Cherdakov, Viktor Stulikov (both Leningrad), Tatyana Prudnikova (Lvov) and Lyudmila Porubayko (Krasnodar), butterflyists Vladimir Krivtsov (Baku) and Irina Ustimenko (Donetsk), USSR champion in backstroke Natalya Ershova (Minsk), representatives of medley swimming Mikhail Sukharev (Astrakhan), Valentin Partyka (Donetsk), Nina Petrova (Moscow) and Birute Uzhkuraityte (Kaunas).
The leader of the swimmers team was A.P. Murysev, the senior coach was K.A. Inyasevsky, the coaches were V.V. Bure, N.I. Ustimenko and M.G. Tatishvili.
All Olympic swims were held on 50-meter water courses indoor pool, specially built in Munich for the Games of the XX Olympiad. There were five baths, two of which (located in front of the stands for 10 thousand spectators) were intended for swimming, water polo and diving competitions, and three for training and warm-ups.
All pools were well technically equipped: the water was automatically heated to the required temperature and purified; The drainage sides, usual for most sports pools, were absent and instead they were built with gently sloping “banks” that perfectly damped the waves; the dividing paths of the pool were removed automatically into the basement; when the start failed, the transverse cord, designed to stop the swimmers, was lowered into the water by pressing a button. The most remarkable technical improvement of the Olympic swimming pool was the electronic television installation of the Longin system, which controlled the entire course wrestling on the water tracks (including the order in which swimmers arrived at the finish line), recording all 8 results shown in the swim on a large scoreboard. If the chief referee or members of the appeal jury had any doubts about the correctness of the finish or turn made by the swimmers, the videotape was immediately viewed on the television screen. Thanks to this technical equipment, Olympic competitions were held for the first time without timekeepers and finish judges, which made it possible to reduce the number of judges by almost 3 times (compared to previous Olympiads).
In Munich, records were updated: 30 world records (2 times more than in Tokyo, and 5 times more than in Mexico City), 79 Olympic and 313 national (including 14 - USSR).
In the overall standings, our swimmers took 4th place, behind the teams of the USA, Australia and the gaining momentum of the GDR team.
Medals of the USSR national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XX Olympiad 1972 in Munich (0-2-3):
Olympic Games - 1968. Mexico City (Mexico)
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5,530 athletes from 112 countries gathered in Mexico City for the Games of the XIX Olympiad. One of the youngest Olympic champions became a 15-year-old gymnast from the USSR - Lyubov Burda. The winners of the running program, American black athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos, raised their hands in black gloves during the award ceremony to protest against racism. 172 sets of medals were competed at the Olympics. 478 swimmers (269 men and 209 women) from 52 countries competed in Mexico City. The most numerous teams were the USA - 52 swimmers, the USSR - 32, the GDR and Mexico - 27 each, the Federal Republic of Germany - 25, Australia and Great Britain - 24 each, Japan - 21, Hungary - 18, Holland - 17, Canada, France and Sweden - each 16, El Salvador - 14 and Spain - 13. The games of the XIX Olympiad were held in the middle mountains, at an altitude of more than 2200 m above sea level. Soviet swimmers were preparing for the Olympic competitions and held the national qualifying championship in Tsaghkadzor (at about the same altitude as in Mexico City). |
The 1968 Olympic team included 32 swimmers, including 10 participants from the previous Olympics: Valentin Kuzmin, Semyon Belits-Geiman, Vladimir Kosinsky, Vladimir Nemshilov, Viktor Mazanov, Galina Prozumenshchikova, Svetlana Babanina, Tatyana Devyatova, Natalya Ustinova and Tatyana Savelyeva . Two thirds of the team were Olympic debutants: freestyle climbers Leonid Ilyichev, Vladimir Bure, Sergey Gusev (all from Moscow), Georgy Kulikov (Khabarovsk), Akhmed Anarbaev (Frunze), Evgeny Spiridonov (Leningrad), Lydia Grebets (Poltava), 3rd Dus ( Lugansk) and Tamara Sosnova (Moscow); young breaststroke swimmers Evgeny Mikhailov (Poltava), I. Marchukov (Smolensk), Nikolay Pankin and Alla Grebennikova (both Moscow); butterfly players Yuri Suzdaltsev (Astrakhan), Sergei Konov (Tashkent) and Viktor Sharygin (Moscow); 14-year-old country record holder among girls in backstroke Tinatin Lekveishvili (Tbilisi); European champion in swimming 200 m backstroke Yuri Gromak (Lvov); a rapidly progressing 16-year-old athlete who specialized in backstroke, Leonid Dobroskokin (Volgograd); representatives of integrated swimming Andrey Dunaev, Vladimir Kravchenko (both from Moscow) and Larisa Zakharova (Perm). The leader of the swimmer team was Zakhary Pavlovich Firsov, his deputy was Honored Master of Sports of the USSR N. M. Kryukov, the senior coach was A. A. Korneev, the coaches were B. P. Ananyev, V. V. Bure and E. L. Alekseenko.
In the overall standings, our swimmers took 3rd place, behind only the US and Australian teams.
Medals of the USSR national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XIX Olympiad in 1968 in Mexico City (0-4-4):
Olympic Games - 1964. Tokyo (Japan)
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The Olympic Games are being held in the East for the first time. 5,140 athletes from 93 countries took part in Tokyo. At the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, 163 sets were competed in 19 sports. The Olympic flame was carried by a 19-year-old boy, Yoshinori Sakai, who became a symbol of life rebelling against atomic death. 422 swimmers (255 athletes and 167 athletes), representing 41 countries, arrived in Tokyo. The competitions were held in a specially constructed indoor Olympic pool with two central baths (one 50-meter long for swimming and water polo finals, the other for diving), a warm-up pool and stands that accommodated about 12 thousand spectators. |
The results of the Tokyo swimmers' competition significantly exceeded the level of achievements of the participants in Rome, indicating great progress in the world sport swimming. If in Rome Olympic records were updated 30 times, and world records - 7, then in Tokyo they were set almost 2 times more, 55 and 14, respectively.
The Soviet swimming team included 21 people (13 men and 8 women), of which only two participants of the Games in Rome: Valentin Kuzmin and Georgy Prokopenko, who became European champions in 1962, two world record holders in breaststroke swimming: Sevastopol schoolgirl Galina Prozumenshchikova (200 m - 2.45.4) and student from Tashkent Svetlana Babanina (100 m - 1.17.2). In addition, crawlers Vladimir Shuvalov, Yuri Sumtsov, Semyon Belits-Geiman, Evgeniy Novikov and Alexander Paramonov (all from Moscow), Vladimir Berezin and Viktor Semchenkov (both from the Moscow region), Natalya Bystrova, Natalya Mikhailova (both from Moscow region) were introduced to the Olympic team for the first time. both - Moscow) and Natalya Ustinova (Tashkent); breaststroke swimmers Alexander Tutakaev (Tbilisi) and Vladimir Kosinsky (Vorkuta, Leningrad); butterfly players Oleg Fotin (Moscow), Tatyana Devyatova (Kharkov) and Valentina Yakovleva (Lvov); representatives of backstroke Viktor Mazanov (Moscow) and Tatyana Savelyeva (Leningrad). The leader of the swimmers team was Zakhary Pavlovich Firsov, the senior coach was Kirill Aleksandrovich Inyasevsky.
These Games became a turning point in our swimming; it was from that moment that our team broke into the elite of world swimming and began to compete on equal terms with the recognized grandees of world swimming.
Medals of the USSR national swimming team,
won at the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in 1964 in Tokyo (1-1-2):
The next FINA Congress took place in Tokyo, which reviewed and approved a number of significant additions to its Statutes and Rules. At the proposal of the USA, Japan and Great Britain, by a majority vote (representatives of socialist countries voted against), it was decided to expand the program of Olympic competitions from 18 to 29 numbers and to increase the size of the Olympic team of one country to 68 athletes. This decision gave the strongest countries in swimming (such as the USA) additional features receiving Olympic medals. Small countries (and they are the majority within FINA) did not receive any advantages.
Congress elected a new FINA president, Bertil Phillips, a lawyer from Sydney (Australia). The Soviet representative Z. P. Firsov was again elected to the FINA Bureau. Soviet representatives were introduced into all three FINA committees (swimming, diving and water polo) - K. A. Inyasevsky, G. A. Burov and A. Yu. Kistyakovsky.
Vladimir Salnikov
(Born 1960)
Soviet swimmer. Champion of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow (USSR), 1980. Champion of the Games of the XXIV Olympiad in Seoul ( South Korea), 1988
Vladimir Salnikov won his main victory in 1988 at the Olympics in Seoul. And not only over opponents on the water track. Together with them, Salnikov defeated his sports leadership, who did not believe in him, the scoffers who slandered his training methods, and - last but not least - defeated himself too.
Salnikov was born in St. Petersburg, which was then called Lenigrad. The path to big-time sports began for him at the SKA swimming pool, where a seven-year-old boy was enrolled in a group for non-swimmers. A year later, he was noticed by coach Gleb Petrov, under whose guidance at the age of 13 Salnikov became a candidate master. Then, as often happens, chance intervened in his sporting destiny.
One day, another coach, Igor Koshkin, asked Petrov to “give in” Salnikov to him as a good sparring partner for his best student Sergei Rusin. Well, and then it was Koshkin who led Salnikov to three Olympic gold medals, to victories at the World and European Championships, to world records.
And in general sporting fate Salnikov in some ways, we must agree, is slightly reminiscent of the old Soviet film “Replacement Player” with a simple plot - an athlete who plays a supporting role turns out to be the best of the best in the end. But what can you do if this is exactly what happened with Salnikov?
Salnikov is a stayer swimmer. Its distances are 400 and 1500 meters. In relay races, however, there were also shorter swims - 200 meters. In 1976, a 16-year-old Leningrader took third place at the national championship, and the leadership of the national team risked taking him to the games of the XXI Olympics in Montreal.
True, Salnikov’s chances were regarded as minimal. The team's leaders placed their main hopes on experienced swimmers Valentin Parinov and Igor Kushpelev. At a distance of 400 meters freestyle, Salnikov, in fact, took 19th place. But at a distance of 1500 meters, he unexpectedly made it to the final - by the way, the first of the Soviet stayer swimmers at the Olympic Games. In the final he showed the fifth result. American swimmer Brian Goodell became the Olympic champion at this distance with a world and Olympic record. He also won the 400 meters - again with a world and Olympic record.
It is unlikely that Goodell remembered the young Soviet swimmer then - especially since he did not pose any competition to him. However, soon the intramural and correspondence competition between Goodell and Salnikov began, in which first one or the other won.
After the Montreal Olympics, Salnikov's success began to rise. By 1977 he was already European champion. In the same year, at a meeting of US and USSR athletes in Leningrad, he set a world record at a distance of 800 meters. At the 1978 World Championships in West Berlin - new record Europe at a distance of 1500 meters.
The head-to-head rivalry between Salnikov and Goodell at the games of the XXII Olympiad in 1980 seemed very interesting. But US athletes, as you know, did not come to Moscow. However, at a distance of 1500 meters, Salnikov set a world and Olympic record - 14 minutes 58.27 seconds. And the Olympic record for the 400 meters is 3 minutes 51.31 seconds.
To the two Olympic gold medals for victories at these distances, a third was added - Vladimir Salnikov participated in the final of the 4,200-meter freestyle relay, where Soviet swimmers also won.
Salnikov prepared very seriously for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Showed great results. In 1981, in Rome, he once again became the European champion - in the same three events for which he received Olympic gold medals. In 1982, at the World Championships in Ecuador, he won the 400 and 1500 meters. In 1983, at the USSR Winter Championships, he again improved his own records at these distances. These were already the 18th and 19th of the world records set by Salnikov.
However, Salnikov did not go to the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. The decision of the Soviet leadership to respond with boycott to boycott was a tragedy for many “older” athletes - there were still four years left before the next Olympic Games in Seoul. This meant that many had to say goodbye to the dream of participating in the new Olympics.
The life of a champion swimmer is short. By the time of the Seoul Olympics, Salnikov would have turned 28 years old, and, according to the sports management, there was no point in counting on his new victories.
Igor Koshkin, who by that time had become the head coach of the USSR national team, told Salnikov about this in 1985. He was probably sincerely convinced of this. The USSR Swimming Federation was of the same opinion.
Then Salnikov did what was least expected of him - he began to train under the guidance of his wife Marina, a specialist in medical and biological problems. For some time she worked in the scientific group of sprinters of the USSR national track and field team, and then with the country's swimming team. When the time came, Marina became a trainer, a doctor, and a massage therapist for her husband.
It was then that the time came for ridicule and ridicule, Salnikov had to experience all this to the fullest. And he also, of course, knew that his old rivals no longer took him into account.
The time has come to go to Seoul for the games of the XIV Olympiad. The management of the Olympic team, taking into account his previous merits, left the decision to participate in them or not to Salnikov himself. Many hoped that he would come to his senses and go to Seoul as a tourist.
And he decided to compete - at his signature distance of 1500 meters freestyle.
The preliminary swim took place on September 24, 1988. What happened during it, and then in the final swim, of course, no one could tell better than Vladimir Salnikov himself:
“I caught the shot and didn’t sit too long on the stand. He was in complete control of the swim. I worked a kilometer. Along the way I nuanced my stroke technique, fortunately my state of health allowed this too. He became so busy with himself that he passed several “hundreds” without checking the scoreboard. When I woke up and looked up, I didn’t believe it: I was swimming too fast. I need to slow down, otherwise I won’t have time to regain my strength for the final. This worked out badly, something that had never happened before in my practice: I couldn’t slow down!
And here is the finish. 15 minutes 07.83 seconds! Faster than in the preliminary heat of the 1980 Games.
It seems that my result did not thunder like thunder for both my opponents and coaches. local significance. I admit that they were “stunned”, not knowing at what limit I forced myself to perform exactly like that in the preliminary swim. I had just come out of the water when a wave of congratulations poured in. Athletes, coaches, fans, my competitors yesterday and today - everyone wanted success. Of course, it was nice, but I had to urgently force myself to squeeze into the anti-emotional corset. There was too much at stake. Almost my entire sporting life has been 20 years devoted to swimming. Back in Moscow, I decided: the Olympic start in Seoul would be the last in my biography as an active athlete. I really wanted to leave with dignity, and in those minutes, 36 hours before the final, I prepared myself for the fight.
Our exit was announced. The noise is incredible. But I didn’t hear any applause or anything else. The brain blocked everything that could distract.
So, my old friend Yugoslav Petrich is sailing along the 1st lane; on the 2nd - the young Pole Podkoshelny; on the 3rd - Pfeiffer; on the 4th - Tsetlinsky; on the 5th - I; on the 6th - Dassler; on the 7th - Henkel; on the 8th - the Englishman Boyt. I feel my heart rate rising. I try my best to remain calm.
Saves the start. I feel the pleasant freshness of the water. The first thought is just not to become too frequent, to maintain a clear perception of what is happening. The main tasks are optimal tactics for covering the distance, and the most economical technique so that you have enough strength for the entire one and a half kilometer, absolute control, everything that was practiced many times in training. But I didn’t think about winning. I didn’t really think about what place I would take. I knew that I would give all my strength, all of myself in this swim, the decisive swim of my life.
As expected, Tsetlinski went ahead from the very first meters of the distance. I missed it half a length forward, I save it short distance to react immediately if he makes a dash. Dassler was a little behind.
Behind 500 meters of distance. I feel the speed. I check myself using the electronic scoreboard, there are no discrepancies. Even the turns - my Achilles heel - are turning out just right so far.
After 600 meters I start to “get” Matt Tsetlinski. He is stubborn and doesn’t want to give up his position. I understand him. I can’t remember how many times I’ve been in similar situations. They are psychologically difficult to survive. Some exposed wires close in your brain, and you, breaking tactics and technique, are cut to death. And you completely forget that you still have to swim and swim! And in the end you “kill” yourself. But it’s important for me to get as far away from my pursuers as possible. I don't know how many meters Matt will last in this race.
700 meters. I win just a little. Have you overestimated yourself? It's hard for me. I know that Tsetlinski is a hundred times heavier. It breaks down and slowly begins to lag behind.
After 900 meters I continue to increase my speed and see how the American is giving up. The Advantage Corps is just the beginning. Lost track of Pfeiffer. I can't hear Dassler. He's somewhere behind, but he has his own plan. I'm starting to feel tired. Now - increased attention to technology. There comes a time when greater relaxation is needed: either in the stroke itself, or in the movement of the arms.
Stefan Pfeiffer “picks up” Cetlinski. The pursuit of me did not go unnoticed for Matt, this was to be expected.
1000 meters. Nerves right hand as if naked. I feel every cell. This is the first sign that terrible fatigue will soon strike. We must hurry. A two-length lead over Pfeiffer is, of course, not bad, but will it be enough? If Stefan or Uwe Dassler are in close proximity at the finish line, then my chances will be zero. These guys have an order of magnitude higher speed reserve, and they, of course, will use it without hesitation. The main thing is not to give them this chance.
1300 meters. Began. Weights were tied to our legs and arms. This is no longer swimming - this is plowing virgin soil. The critical point will soon come. If only my body didn't let me down. I'm starting to lose on turns. Fatigue has fallen like a southern night - it instantly becomes dark. I keep telling myself: technique, technique, technique. I change the trajectory of my hands and their movement in the water. I focus the load on one muscle group, then on another. Helps. The weight of the weights decreases. It's a pity that it won't last long. I don’t hear or see anything around - neither the stands, nor the pursuers. Although I remember that Pfeiffer is somewhere nearby. I wonder where Dassler is?
Somewhere in the middle of the penultimate 50-meter straight, I realized that I was dying. It wasn’t even indifference that set in, but stupor. I had no muscles. None. The arms and legs worked on their own. But if they acted somehow this very second, then the next they could stop working. What to do?
I couldn’t think of anything else but sank my teeth into my lower lip. I didn't feel any pain. But it felt a little better.
The last 50 meters. I didn’t see, but with some sixth sense I felt how Stefan Pfeiffer was inexorably approaching and how Uwe Dassler turned on his famous jerk, rushing to the finish line like a torpedo. I reassured myself: if I don’t die, then they won’t catch up with me. Today is my day! I don’t remember the moment when I poked this very wall. But I remember very well that I had to cling to it so as not to sink. What happened after?
Then everything is like a fog. Although with his brain he probably understood that he had won. I couldn’t even feel my hands when I tried to raise them. An idiotic state: I raise my hands to greet the audience, but I don’t feel them, it seems that they are hanging with whips.
Pfeiffer swam up and said something, shaking his head. He is difficult to understand. And suddenly it dawns on me that Stefan is trying to explain his amazement - how did all this happen? Only now the noise of the stands and friendly chants burst into consciousness: “Salnikov! Salnikov! Salnikov! "
I'm starting to feel feelings. I can’t say that they are all pure and blameless. Even the wave of such light gloating took over the edge. I suddenly remembered how they “buried” me. I wonder what my “well-wishers” are going through now? I won my most important swim, not 1500 meters long, but my entire sports life. And I was happy!
Two hours after the finale, an event occurred that, in my opinion, was worth all the gold in the world. When I entered the Olympic dining room, everyone who was in it - coaches, athletes - rose from their tables and applauded. It was this episode that was victorious for me olympic day now comes to mind first of all. I hope there is no need to explain why?
On this day, Vladimir Salnikov became a four-time Olympic champion. But that wasn’t even the main thing...
Very rare swimmers managed to become champions at two Olympics in a row. And Salnikov did this, missing one Olympics - he repeated his success not four, but eight years later. No one else has been able to do this in the history of the Olympic Games.
After the triumph in Seoul, Vladimir Salnikov, as he promised himself, left big sport. For some time he coached the country's swimming team. Over the years, he was a member of the USSR Olympic Committee, a member of the athletes’ commission of the International Swimming Federation, and was involved in commercial projects.
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Salnikov A Alexander Salnikov Revolution-2 1. Your favorite fairy tale or
