Project on the theme of basketball in the modern world. Project work “Basketball in my life”

RESEARCH

By discipline: Physical Culture

on the topic of: "My world is around a basketball"

INTRODUCTION

I. FROM THE HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

1.1 History of basketball

1.2 Development of basketball

1.3 Women's basketball in Russia

1.4 Basketball at the present stage

II. WHY BASKETBALL BECAME MY PASSION

III. SUCCESS OF THE CITY BASKETBALL TEAM

3.1 My basketball team

3.2 Our physical, technical, theoretical and tactical preparation

3.3 Sports commandments of our team

3.4 Sports tips from our team to young athletes

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

Life is motion. Movement is physical education, and physical education is the beginning of human sports activity. Some people are attracted to sports by glory, fame, others by the desire to become strong, brave, and still others by the desire to compete and win. To achieve something, you need to learn to act - to play.

Ball games on basketball court always brings joy to team members. Fighting for victory as part of a team of friends requires a lot. Nobody wants to let their comrades down. So you try to play as best as possible, and if you don’t always have enough skill, dedication comes to the rescue, the willingness to give all your strength for the sake of victory.

The referee's signal whistle sounds. And here it is - Victory! How much joy there is in this short word! And for the sake of this moment of celebration, the guys are ready for any sacrifice: abrasions and bumps, daily training in winter and summer, adherence to a strict sports regime - and hundreds of other small griefs and restrictions.

But it also happens that victory eludes the guys at the very last moment. You make a tiny mistake and the ball, the deciding ball, flies into the net of your hoop. It's a shame? Certainly! Bitterly? Still would! But the bitterness of defeat hardens sporty character. For a real athlete, regardless of age, yesterday's failure will turn into a quick victory.

It is believed that playing with a ball is the best means of physical development and finding joy. One of the greatest doctors of antiquity, the Roman Claudius Galen, said: “It is not difficult to see that playing ball can develop the properties of the soul and body to that high degree that people strive to achieve.” A real athlete, entering the game, strives to be honest and noble, fair and courageous. By constantly participating in the game, a person cultivates these high human qualities in himself, becomes strong not only in body, but also in spirit, all guys should strive for this.

In this research work I wanted to show that thanks to regular basketball training, I became not only physically strong and healthy, but also stubborn and persistent, which is so necessary in any business.

I would like my personal example to captivate others (kids), so that they can clearly see that achieving noticeable results everywhere, both in sports and in life, cannot be achieved by accident. Success must be achieved, and luck often helps the stubborn and persistent. Therefore the main purposeThis work is to reveal the significance and fascination of the game of basketball.

To achieve this goal, the following were identified: tasks:

.study the history of basketball;

.talk about our city basketball team;

.reveal the positive qualities gained in basketball classes;

.assess the possibilities of achieving success in this sport.

Having examined, studied, described and analyzed, it will be possible to draw conclusions about the significance and excitement of the game of basketball. To solve the problems, the presented literature sources were used and analyzed.

I. FROM THE HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

1.1 History of basketball

The official date of birth of basketball is 1891. True, some elements basketball game discovered by historians in very distant times. It is known, for example, that even before the new era, Indians from Central America, during religious holidays, threw a rubber ball into a stone ring, demonstrating their dexterity and dexterity.

Of course, in the 10th century BC, the word “basketball” did not yet exist, but scientists believe there was another name - “Pok-Ta-Pok.” The length of the playing area was neither more nor less than 147 meters. It was allowed to hit the ball only with a bat, elbow or knee. But the real birthplace of basketball is rightfully considered the USA, namely Springfield. At the end of the 19th century, in 1891, James Naismith (1861-1932) accidentally invented a new game. At that time, simple exercises were considered almost the only way to get involved in sports, so Naismith, being a teacher of physical education, perfectly understood the deplorable nature of this situation.

On one of the usual January days, he attached two baskets into which he had to throw soccer ball. Then there were two teams of players - 9 people each. Dribbling the ball, as in the modern version of the game, did not exist; the players stood still and, throwing the ball to each other, tried to get it into the basket. It's funny, but after every successful throw, one of the players climbed up and took the ball out of the basket. Although now we would find such a game slow and uninteresting, it was a collective game, which made it possible to interest young people and thus attract them to the sport. Actually, this is what Naismith wanted.

I liked the game so much that a year later the same Naismith came up with the first 13 rules for the game. Many of them still operate in professional basketball. The concept of basketball originated in his school years, while playing duck-on-a-rock. Already, as a physical education teacher and college professor in Springfield, D. Naismith was faced with the problem of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between baseball and football competitions. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to invent an indoor game.

A year later, D. Naismith, in less than an hour, sitting at the table in his office, developed the first 13 points of basketball rules, which formed the basis of the modern code of basketball laws (now there are only about thirty referee gestures):

1. The ball can be thrown in any direction with one or two hands.

The ball can be hit with one or two hands in any direction, but never with a fist.

The player cannot run after the ball. The player must pass or throw the ball into the basket from the point where he caught it, with the exception of a player running at good speed.

The ball must be held with one or two hands. Do not use your forearms or body to hold the ball.

In any case, hitting, grabbing, holding and pushing the opponent is not allowed. The first violation of this rule by any player shall be recorded as a foul (dirty play); a second foul disqualifies him until the next goal is scored and, if there was obvious intent to injure a player, for the entire game, no substitution is allowed.

Hitting the ball with your fist is a violation of rules 2 and 4, the punishment is described in paragraph 5.

If both sides commit three fouls in a row, they must be called a goal for the opponents (this means that the opponents must not commit a single foul during this time).

A goal is counted if the ball thrown or bounced off the floor hits the basket and remains there. Defensive players are not allowed to touch the ball or basket while shooting. If the ball touches the rim and the opponents move the basket, a goal is scored.

If the ball goes into touch (out of bounds), then it must be thrown into the field by the first player who touched it. In case of a dispute, the referee must throw the ball into the field. The thrower is allowed to hold the ball for five seconds. If he holds it longer, the ball is given to the opponent. If either side tries to stall, the referee must give them a foul.

The referee must monitor the actions of the players and fouls, and also notify the referee of three fouls committed in a row. He is vested with the power to disqualify players under Rule 5.

The referee must keep an eye on the ball and determine when the ball is in play (inside) and when it is out of bounds (outside), which side should be in possession of the ball, and any other actions that a referee would normally perform.

The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes each with a 5 minute break between them.

The side that scores more goals in this period of time is the winner.

The game still had many changes in the future...

1.2 Development of basketball

Already the first matches under these rules caused their changes. Although most of them are still in effect today. Fans on the balconies caught flying balls and tried to throw them into the opponent’s basket. Therefore, shields soon appeared, which became protection for the basket. Having studied the rules and mastered the basics of technique, on February 12, 1892, students of Springfield College, in the presence of a hundred spectators, played the first “official” match in the history of basketball, which ended peacefully with a result of 2:2. Its success was so resounding, and word of the new game spread so quickly that soon two Springfield teams began holding exhibition matches, attracting hundreds of spectators to their performances. Their initiative was picked up by students from other colleges, and the very next year the entire American northeast was gripped by basketball fever. Already in 1893, iron rings with mesh appeared. The new game turned out to be so interesting and dynamic that in 1894 the first official rules. At the same time, basketball from the USA penetrates first to the East - to Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. In 1895, free throws were introduced from a distance of 5 m 25 cm. Dribbling the ball in all its variants was legalized in 1896; since 1897, the team was limited to five players.

The spontaneous formation of amateur teams and leagues led to the fact that students sought to play exclusively basketball, preferring it not only to such traditional game types, like American football and baseball, but also the beloved college trustees of gymnastics. Officials of the Youth Christian Association, heeding the complaints of opponents of the new trend, did not turn a blind eye to such a blatant violation of the foundations educational process and practically slammed the doors of student sports halls. However, their desire to ban, which was rapidly gaining popularity the new kind sport was like trying to manually stop a speeding train.

However, if you wish, you can find a positive side to these prohibitions, since it was they that provoked the holding of the first professional basketball match, that is, a match for money. This happened in 1896, when a team from Trenton, New Jersey, in order to pay the rent of the hall, was forced to sell tickets for its game. Having paid at the end of the meeting with the owners of the premises, the Trentor team discovered that they still had part of the money received from the tickets, which was equally divided between the players, making each of them $15 richer.

After 10 years on Olympic Games In St. Louis (USA), the Americans organized an exhibition tournament between teams from several cities. The same demonstration tournaments were held at the 1924 (Paris) and 1928 (Amsterdam) Olympics.

The American Basketball League was created in 1925, and the National Basketball League in 1937. One of the most famous teams of the 1930s, the New York Renaissance, which had black players, had 2,318 wins and 381 losses over 22 seasons. In 1961, the American Basketball League (8 teams) was created, and in 1967, the American Basketball Association (11 teams). After their unification in 1976, the National Basketball Association (NBA) was founded.

The birthplace of domestic basketball is St. Petersburg. This fact is well known and leaves no doubt. The first mention of this game in our country belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports, St. Petersburg resident Georgy Dupperon, and it dates back to 1901. Back in September 1900, the Committee for Promoting the Moral and Mental Development of Young People was created in St. Petersburg. And already in 1904, physical education appeared in the committee’s program, which, along with moral and mental development, added physical society. The society was given the name "Mayak". In the report for the year 1907 of his activities (from 09/22/1906 to 09/22/1907) there was a mention of the invitation to Russia of the American specialist E. Moraller, who told the Mayakovites about a completely new overseas game. It turned out that we were first introduced to basketball best athletes"Lighthouse". At the end of 1906, the first basketball matches were held in the Society. The winner of the first competitions was invariably the “lilac” team (based on the color of the T-shirts), led by one of the best gymnasts in society, S. Vasiliev, who was later called the “grandfather of Russian basketball.”

Already in 1909, an event took place that became a definite milestone in the history of not only domestic, but also world basketball. A group of members of the American Christian Association came to St. Petersburg. A basketball team was made up of them, which, to the general joy of St. Petersburg residents, lost to the local “purple” team with a score of 19:28. This meeting took place in the new hall of the Mayak society in house No. 35 on Nadezhdenskaya Street (in Soviet times - Mayakovsky Street). It was this historical meeting that was named the first international basketball match in the book “World Basketball,” published in Munich in 1972 for the 40th anniversary of the FIBA ​​basketball federation. Thus, it turns out that Russia became the venue for the first international basketball match on the planet. Thanks to the efforts of the Mayakovites, basketball soon began to spread to other sports societies and educational institutions city, and after the revolution he confidently walked around the country and already in 1920 was included in school curriculum Universal education on a par with football as a compulsory discipline. In 21, the country's first basketball league was created in St. Petersburg, with F. Jurgenson becoming its chairman. And it was this organization that was the prototype of the current federation, and it was under its auspices that in the same year the city basketball championship was held for the first time.

In the 1920s, they began to actively create national federations basketball, the first international meetings are held. So in 1919, a basketball tournament took place between the army teams of the United States, Italy and France. In 1923, the first international women's tournament. Teams from three countries took part in it: England, Italy, and the USA. The game is gaining increasing popularity and recognition in the world, and in 1932 the International Federation of Basketball Associations was created in Geneva. Its first composition included 8 countries - Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Czechoslovakia. In 1935 the International Olympic Committee made a decision to recognize basketball Olympic form sports. In 1936 he appears in the program of the Olympic Games in Berlin. Guest of honor games was D. Naismith. Teams from 21 countries took part in the basketball tournament. The matches were played in open tennis courts, all subsequent Olympic tournaments were held in indoors. First Olympic champion became the US team. The Americans became Olympic champions 11 more times (in 1980, in the absence of the US team olympic gold won by the Yugoslav team). In Sydney (2000), the American Dream Team was again first. The USSR national team became Olympic champions twice - in 1972 and 1988.

During the Olympics in Berlin (1936), the first FIBA ​​congress was held, where the existing uniform international rules of the game were reviewed and adopted. In 1948, 50 countries were already members of FIBA. With the development of world basketball, the technology and tactics of the game developed and enriched.

In the first half of the 1950s, basketball began to lose its inherent competitive edge. It was necessary to make a number of changes and additions to the rules to revive it. The most important of these additions were:

introduction of the 30-second rule (the team in possession of the ball must throw the ball into the basket within this time);

expanding the area of ​​the zone in which attacking players were not allowed to remain for more than three seconds.

The decision to hold the men's world championships was made at the FIBA ​​Congress during the 1948 Olympics in London. The first World Basketball Championship took place in 1950 in Buenos Aires (Argentina). 10 teams took part in the championship. The first world champion was the Argentine team, defeating the 1948 Olympic champion USA. Subsequently, the US team became world champion four times (1954, 1986, 1994, 1998); USSR national team - three times (1967, 1974 and 1982); Yugoslavia team also three times (1970, 1978 and 1990). The Brazilian team became the world champion twice (1959 and 1963).

At the FIBA ​​Congress in Helsinki in 1952 (during the Olympic Games), it was decided to hold the Women's World Championships. The first championship took place in 1953 in Santiago (Chile), and the first champions were American basketball players. The US team won the title of world champions 5 more times (1957, 1979, 1986, 1990, 1999). The USSR national team held the honorary title the same number of times (1959, 1964, 1967, 1971, 1975 and 1983).

Debut women's basketball at the Olympic Games took place in 1976 in Montreal. Six teams participated in the tournament. The first Olympic champions were the basketball players of the USSR national team, who became champions twice more, and American basketball players won gold medals four times (1984, 1988, 1996, 2000).

The first European Women's Championship was held in Rome in 1938, which was won by Italian basketball players. The USSR national team became the European champion 21 times (1950-1956, 1960-1991).

Best players in the history of professional basketball: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Wilton Chamberlain. Modern stars - the unfading Michael Jordan (left the court in 1998), Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, Clyde Drexler, Grant Hill, Patrick Ewing, Karl Malone, David Robinson, Charles Barkley, John Stockton. Among the first domestic basketball players to debut in the NBA in the early 1990s were Alexander Volkov (Atlanta Hawks) and Lithuanian basketball stars Sarunas Marciulionis (Golden State) and Arvydas Sabonis (Portland Blazers).

The strongest men's clubs Europe are: Greek teams - Olympiacos (Piraeus) and Panathinaikos (Athens), Spanish - Real (Madrid) and Barcelona, Russian team CSKA (Moscow), Israeli Maccabi (Tel Aviv), Italian - Timsystem and Kinder, Turkish - Efes Pilsen and Ulker.

James Naismith created the game of all peoples of the world, a game of speed, dexterity and ingenuity. Basketball, like a spider, has united the entire planet with one web, and this web has not yet been torn, because it is strong. As strong as friendship.

Currently, basketball is very popular due to its entertainment and unpredictability; it is played both at the Olympics and in courtyards all over the world.

1.3 Women's basketball in Russia

basketball sport tactical training

Women's basketball made its Olympic debut in 1976 in Montreal. Six teams participated in the tournament. The first Olympic champions were the basketball players of the USSR national team, who became champions twice more, and American basketball players won gold medals four times (1984, 1988, 1996, 2000). The international debut of Soviet basketball players took place in 1935. One of ours club teams beat the French women in Paris with a crushing score of 60:11. The shocked organizers of the match invited our basketball players to play with the men's team. This game also ended in victory for the guests, with a difference of 6 points.

The women's team, created in 1950, for a long time knew no equal. Only at the second World Championship (1957) and the sixth European Championship (1958) were Soviet basketball players second. They invariably won all other tournaments: world championships 5 times and European championships 20 times. And in 1976, the women's team under the leadership of Lidia Alekseeva (formerly one of the strongest basketball players in the USSR, who led the national team as a coach for 25 years) became the first team in history to win the Olympic tournament.

The first women's basketball tournament at the Olympic Games took place in 1976. The champions of the Olympic Games were: 1976 - USSR, 1980 - USSR, 1984 - USA, 1988 - USA, 1992 - united team of independent states, 1996 - USA.

1.4 Basketball at the present stage

Modern basketball is in a stage of rapid creative upsurge, aimed at intensifying actions, both in attack and defense.

Basketball is widely used as a means physical education children school age and youth. Systematic sports activities contribute to comprehensive development schoolchildren, have a particularly positive effect on the development of such physical skills as speed, speed and strength endurance, agility. Sport games contribute to the development of moral and volitional qualities: courage, perseverance, discipline, and the ability to overcome difficulties. Games also contribute to moral education. Respect for an opponent, honesty in wrestling, the desire to improve - all these qualities can be successfully formed under the influence of sports games.

Modern basketball is an athletic game and the demands placed on basketball players are the highest. To achieve high technical and tactical mastery, an athlete, first of all, needs a high level of development of physical qualities.

A basketball player today is an agile, well-coordinated athlete who thinks quickly on the court.

II. WHY BASKETBALL BECAME MY PASSION

Depending on traditions, school capabilities, and specialization in sports, most schoolchildren play basketball. Basketball contributes to the development and improvement of many motor qualities and, above all, speed and strength, speed, endurance, coordination of movements and others. During basketball lessons and training, educational tasks are also successfully solved, since during the game, in order to achieve a common victory, members of our team must constantly interact with each other and overcome the opponent’s resistance. This helps to foster friendship, collectivism, initiative, perseverance, determination, as well as a complex of psychophysiological qualities.

Basketball is characterized by a high emotional coloring and a great spectacular effect. This greatly facilitates the solution of one of the most important tasks of our physical education. First, instill interest, and then create a need for physical education and sports.

From a distance, the two-story building cannot be confused with anything - this is the Physical and Sports Complex (FSKa) of the city of Yugorsk. From early morning until late evening, a hum can be heard around this building, either subsiding during training, or exploding before classes.

There are a lot of children and teenagers in sportswear in the gyms. Kids are running, balls are flying, jump ropes are whistling, and the sound of a whistle is made. Everyone is moving, standing, sitting - everyone is arguing about something, yelling, laughing and it’s so cheerful. In the ensuing silence of the FSK, only from the gym can be heard either strong to the point of thunder, or fading emotional sounds.

Pupils of the Physical and Sports Complex of the city of Yugorsk are champions of the region and city, winners of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in all possible sports - basketball, acrobatics, gymnastics, judo, etc. And the most favorite sport in FSK is basketball. And our coach Sergey Alekseevich Bekurin instills a love for this sport.

When training starts in the gym there is a dull noise basketballs- once again our team is ready for training. And in the coach’s office there are certificates, pennants, and cups on display. And all these are our rewards.

III. SUCCESS OF THE CITY BASKETBALL TEAM

3.1 My basketball team

My whole life is connected with sports. Since childhood, I was fond of dancing, went to the swimming and volleyball sections, and practiced sports tourism, athletics, but when I took basketball classes, I realized what I wanted to do. At first I started training in the school basketball section, playing in competitions for the school, the coach of the city basketball team noticed me and invited me to join the team. I've been playing basketball for 4 years. I have the 1st adult category this species sports. The team I play on is called "NAME", which is a city basketball team INDICATE CITY.

Our team has 10 girls who are purposefully moving towards victory. Our team's motto is: “If you defeat yourself, you will defeat everyone!”

We have achieved great heights through unity, diligence and combativeness to victory. First we became the champions of our city, then the region, and then the prize-winners of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra.

All our successes have been achieved thanks to the coach - full name. His the main task is to instill in us an interest in forming a sustainable habit of independent study. Our coach is a professional and loves his job, he will always find methods and ways in our sports training and for our sports growth.

Thanks to my sports training, I achieved success not only in basketball, but in other sports, playing for the school and for the city in various competitions. I won many certificates and medals.

3.2 Our physical, technical, theoretical and tactical training

Physical training conditionally divided into general and special training:

-with the help of a common physical training all physical qualities develop - strength, endurance, flexibility, agility, speed, all functions of organs and systems of the body are improved;

-special physical training serves to develop technical motor qualities and form those systems of motor skills that are needed for the sport;

-technical training is needed to master the technique of the sport;

-tactical training is a way of conducting wrestling in competitions.

As a result technical training we acquire technical skills and abilities in competitions, and as a result, tactical ones - the ability to skillfully master them constantly in the changing conditions of sports wrestling. Stability sporting achievements implies the constancy of high results in competitions, constant motivation to fight in competitions.

Implementation of tactical training is the ability to quickly perceive and correctly assess the course of the starting fight, and make decisions creatively and in a timely manner. And this can be solved when, “one for all, all for one,” “through thorns to the stars,” “there are no winners without losers.”

Tactical methods for our success:

§ familiarization with the tactical experience of the strongest athletes;

§ studying the characteristics of sports capabilities, athletes’ level of training and preparedness;

§ familiarization with the conditions of upcoming competitions;

§ development of a tactical plan for upcoming competitions (selection of combinations, selection of solutions to individual problems - attack, defense);

§ developing the ability to exert mental pressure on an opponent, imposing on him a style of play that is not typical for him;

§ analysis of the competition, the effectiveness of tactics, conclusions for the future.

In psychological preparation The main goal of our coach is to create a complete psychological climate in the team. Experienced trainer selects individual ways to manage the psychological state of its players and this is all done by trial and error.

Games and martial arts are the most “ psychological types sport,” because here there is a direct, contact fight with a specific opponent.

The character of a team is not the sum of the characters of the players, but a special formation to which some personality traits correspond and others do not. And if the athlete is not needed by the team, he is unlikely to “fit” into it.

In sports, the orientation of the individual largely determines the motivation for higher achievements. An athlete feels the need for extreme physical effort, to experience a state of strong mental tension, to overcome an opponent, and most importantly, the need to show high athletic results.

For achievement sporting success We consciously carry out the tasks set by our coach. Hence the need to work on oneself, on one’s own improvements.

In every game, we are dominated by the motives of hope for success. Before starting the game, we set a goal: “no matter what happens, no matter how we lose.” And the coach tries to cultivate our strong-willed qualities using the following methods:

-widely uses competitive exercises: any win is noted, and any loss is fined;

-creates difficult conditions (in a limited area, with obstacles, with a time limit);

-conducts training sessions in conditions of fatigue;

-poses tactical tasks that require the utmost mobilization of our intellectual and physical strength;

-conducts games with one-sided restrictions on tactical capabilities (only defensive form of play, attack without defense);

-requires performing all actions as quickly as possible;

-perform exercises when the trainer uses the explanation as much as possible;

-we solve new tactical problems;

-offers the player the role of leader, even if it is not typical for him.

Many of our personality traits develop through training and competition; leadership, ability to act in a team and work for results. Our team players have the following qualities:

-emotional stability;

Self-control;

-risk appetite;

-volitional activity;

Dedication;

Hard work;

Diligence;

-determination;

Initiative;

Self-control;

Activity;

Persistence;

-responsibility;

Composure;

-self-criticism.

Theoretical Personal preparation requires:

Ø have knowledge about the history of sports in the world and Russia, about the history of the emergence of sports, the rules and refereeing of basketball;

Ø nurturing independence in the use of physical education means, initiative, involvement in active practical physical education and sports activities;

Ø practical judging at competitions;

Ø mastering the rules and methods of insurance, self-insurance, first aid and mutual assistance when performing physical exercise“If you learn it yourself, teach someone else” is the credo of our team.

Studying at the Physical Education and Sports Complex, having good sports training, our team’s goal is to teach others (kids) everything that we and perhaps even young coaches have learned.

3.3 Sports commandments of our team

Ø instill in your comrades a love of sports;

Ø be sincere and tactical towards your comrades. Listen to their statements, carefully correcting them if they are wrong;

Ø train no worse, but better than others, organizing assistance to the lagging forces of other guys;

Ø influence your comrades with your confidence. There will always be confidence in success;

Ø attract the attention of young athletes;

Ø perform tasks better, taking into account the interests of comrades when distributing assignments;

Ø strive for self-education;

Ø think about tomorrow's success;

Ø always come to training with good mood: cheerful, kind and sensitive;

Ø do not show your fatigue;

Ø be tougher on yourself, learn yourself and teach others to compete despite injury.

3.4 Sports advice from our team for young athletes

In conclusion, we would like to give some advice to those who are planning to take up basketball or are already involved in this sport:

ü It is difficult to learn, it is even more difficult to relearn, you need to try to do everything well at once.

ü The harder it is to study, the easier it will be in competitions.

ü You must try to win, but not be afraid to lose.

ü If you lost, but gave your all to victory, there is nothing shameful about it: be ashamed of the victory for which you tried less.

ü Fight for victory until the last second, spare no effort, and don’t boast; if you do something well, help your friend cope with the task.

ü The courage of an athlete does not lie in getting into a fight, but in defeating an opponent in a fair fight.

ü Don’t reproach your friend for his mistake, sympathize, he didn’t want this.

ü Be neat and smart, because athletes are always in front of everyone.

ü Don’t get into an argument with your comrades, it’s better to find out the coach’s opinion about who is right.

ü Remember: nothing comes easy, to achieve success, you need to work hard.

ü Always listen carefully - every word the trainer says is useful - he is trying to teach you.

CONCLUSION

As a result of my research, we learned a lot about the game of basketball. Modern basketball is an athletic game and the demands placed on basketball players are the highest. To achieve high technical and tactical mastery, an athlete, first of all, needs a high level of development of physical qualities, and also needs to actively engage in sports - success comes gradually. A basketball player today is an agile, well-coordinated athlete who thinks quickly on the court.

The acquisition of knowledge is life experience, that is, verbal and visual perception of the actions of the trainer. In the process of training, it is necessary to understand their development and interrelation, to gain confidence in your knowledge. Sport reveals a lot of useful and interesting things to us. And don’t despair if everything doesn’t work out right away. It is important to see the goal. Whether it is close or distant, we strive for it, and, having achieved it, we do not rely on glory, we always strive for even greater perfection.

Our many years of work in understanding the game of basketball gave me a lot: organization, composure, perseverance and perseverance - combined with the ability to plan my time, the ability to use every hour, every minute to learn something or learn something new. This helps me both in sports and in studies. The desire to win, developed over many years of playing sports, also helps me: I want to achieve success not only on the basketball court, but in everything I do.

Our team includes best forwards, the best guards, the best defenders and centers. The girls of our team show good theoretical, physical and tactical knowledge at city, regional and district competitions physical culture.

We are proud of the great basketball players: the Gomel, Alekseev dynasty, the Ryabushkin sisters, the Medved brothers. By following the advice of basketball masters and systematically training, you can achieve success in this sport, and most importantly, improve your health and strengthen your body.

We will look up to them and, studying at the Physical Education and Sports Complex, we will achieve great heights in sports games. And after graduating from school, we will try to enroll in the physical education department and continue our sports activities.

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on the topic

"Technique

playing basketball."

Performed:

9th grade student

Akimova Valentina

Project Manager:

Physical education teacher:

Shchurina T.A.

December 2016Content:

1. The purpose and objectives of the project.

2. Participants and duration of the project.

3. Relevance of the project.

4.Basketball – as a means of physical education.

5.Historical outline of the development of the game.

6.Material support.

7.Technical techniques for playing basketball.

Objective of the project:

Introducing students to the technical techniques of playing basketball.

Tasks:

Educational:

Provide students with the knowledge necessary to use technical techniques in the game of basketball;

To popularize basketball among schoolchildren;

Wellness:

Introduce students to the influence regular classes basketball to develop children’s motor abilities;

Educational:

To promote the development of the ability to interact with partners in the game and after it.

Project participants:

Students of grades 5-9.

Project duration:

Long term 5 years

Relevance of the project

Special studies have shown the high effectiveness of basketball training for the comprehensive development of a child’s body. Running and jumping stimulate body growth in length. Throws at a high target contribute to the formation correct posture passing the ball over a long distance, fighting for the ball at the backboard develop muscle strength. Under the influence of physical activity that children receive in classes and competitions, their activities improve of cardio-vascular system, chest circumference and lung capacity increase.

Schoolchildren who play basketball very quickly overtake physical development their peers, they get sick less often, participate more actively in all physical education events held at school, in competitions different types sports, show better results than other guys.

These advantages of young basketball players are undoubtedly the result of the influence of the game itself, but the method of conducting classes is still of primary importance. To play basketball well, you must first of all be a well-rounded athlete. Therefore on initial stage During training, all attention is paid to physical training. In addition, competitions among schoolchildren are complex in nature.

Strongest teams in children's competitions are determined at the triathlon stage: based on the results of competitions in physical fitness, ball handling technique and team competitions in the game. Thus, those teams that carry out systematic and diverse work receive advantages.

One of the main factors determining the ability to achieve high sports results in basketball, is the level of development of physical qualities.

The general physical training of a basketball player is the basis for many years of sports improvement.

Special physical training exercises, thanks to the associated effects, contribute to the development of coordination of speed, speed-strength qualities, agility and orientation, thereby creating the prerequisites for mastering and improving the technique and tactics of the game.

Characteristics of basketball as a means of physical education .

Basketball - one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; walking, running, stopping, turning, jumping, catching, throwing and dribbling the ball, carried out in single combat with opponents. Such diverse movements help improve metabolism, the functioning of all body systems, and form coordination. Basketball has not only health-improving and hygienic significance, but also propaganda and educational significance. Basketball lessons help build perseverance, courage, determination, honesty, self-confidence, and a sense of teamwork. Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical education movement. In the public education system, basketball is included in the programs of physical preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, secondary special and higher education. Basketball is an exciting athletic game that represents effective remedy physical education. It is no coincidence that it is very popular among schoolchildren.

Basketball, as an important means of physical education and health improvement for children, is included in the general education programs of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, and children's sports schools, city departments of public education and branches of voluntary sports societies. Consolidating the achieved results and further increasing the level of sportsmanship are closely intertwined with mass health work and qualified training of reserves from the most talented boys and girls.

Long-term education of children requires taking into account the characteristics of their age-related development, and in connection with this, a careful set of tools and methods of educational work. Currently, there are many manuals covering in detail modern technology basketball. They outline general issues of organizing pedagogical work, and also provide specific practical materials that need to be learned at a certain age.

Historical outline of the development of the game

Basketball was “invented” in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a physical education teacher at Springfield College in Massachusetts, USA. As the ball was thrown into the basket, a new game received the name "basketball" (basket - basket, ball - ball).

Two teams, subject to the rules, strive to throw the ball into the opponent’s basket with the help of passes, protecting their own basket from his throws. Basketball refers to high-speed types sports. A basketball player needs endurance, jumping ability, agility, and reaction speed. In many sports, especially athletics, basketball is integral part training.

Somewhat later, in 1892, D. Naismith developed the first thirteen points of basketball rules, which are in force to one degree or another to this day.

The first stage of the development of basketball (1891-1918) is characterized by its formation.

In 1894, the first official rules of the game were published in the USA, according to which competitions began to be held.

Simultaneously with the development of the game, the technique was formed, and the technique of basketball was created. Rational technical techniques for catching, passing, dribbling and throwing the ball into the basket appeared.

At the second stage (1919 - 1931), national basketball federations began to be created. Basketball began to be widely cultivated in European countries: Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Italy, Latvia, France.

The third stage (1932 - 1947) is distinguished by the creation of the International Basketball Federation, created on June 18, 1932. Initially, 8 countries included: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland and Czechoslovakia.

Basketball was first included in the Olympic Games program in 1936.

The game quickly gained recognition all over the world. In 1935, the first European Championship for men's teams took place in Geneva. The first European champion was the Latvian national team. The first women's European Championship took place in 1938 in Rome. The Italian national team won it.

The fourth stage in the development of basketball covers the period from 1948 to 1956. international federation basketball has taken one of the leading places among international sports associations.

In 1972, the IOC decided to include women's basketball in the program of the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal.

Material support

According to official rules, basketball competitions are held only indoors, in most cases on a parquet floor.

Basketball court.

By international rules The basketball court must have dimensions of 26x14 (m). In the center of the site there is a central circle with a diameter of 3.6 (m), through the center of which the center line passes. There are stands with shields on the front lines. In front of each stand with a shield from the end line to the penalty line - 3.6 (m). The length of the free throw area from the goal line to the penalty line is 5.8 (m). In the center of the penalty line there are circles with a diameter of 3.6 (m).

Inventory.

When playing basketball, stands with backboards are used, lowered from the ceiling on special devices. The stand is made of steel pipes. Shields with baskets at a height of 3.5 (m) - usually made of wood have dimensions of 1.80x1.20 (m). The inner diameter of the metal rings of the baskets is 45 (cm). The basket is a rope net without a bottom, 40 (cm) long.

The ball is filled with air and made of synthetic materials. Its circumference is 75-78 (cm), weight - 600-650 (g).

Cloth.

Basketball players' clothing is sports shorts and a T-shirt with numbers 4 to 15 on the chest and back (the team captain must have special marks). Shoes - high boots without heels with rubber soles. If necessary, knee pads can be worn on the knees.

Basketball rules

Team and substitute players.

Each team consists of 5 main and 5-7 permanent substitute players, who can enter the game only after the game is stopped and the referee whistles.

Game time.

In all classes, basketball matches are divided into 2 halves of 20 minutes each. pure time. Break between halves 10 minutes. If at the end of the match the teams have scored the same number of points, then additional time (5 minutes) is given to determine the winner. Each team has the right to 2 time-outs in each half. Coaches usually use time-outs to give players tactical instructions and make substitutions.

Beginning of the game.

The game begins with the referee in the center of the court throwing the ball up between two players, each of whom tries to hit the ball to their team.

Rules of movement.

According to this rule, the player who receives the ball has the right to take only two steps. Jumping with the ball in your hand is a violation of the moving rule.

Stopping ball.

This is called a game situation in which 1 or 2 players of each team come into contact with the ball and the ball is taken out of play. In this case, the game continues with a controversial throw-in.

The ball is out of play.

If the ball or the player with the ball touches the restricted lines of the court or floor, the referee gives the command “offside”.

Throw-in.

After the game is stopped in case of offside or technical errors (violation of the movement rule, time rule, etc.), the ball is put into play by throwing it from the side line.

Ratings.

Throwing the ball into the basket is counted if the ball falls through the ring and the net from top to bottom. For each successful throw, the team receives 2 points, for each successful free throw - 1 point.

Foul rule.

One of the most important rules of basketball is the foul rule (translated from English as “mistake”). There are personal and technical fouls.

Personal fouls include any intentional touching of an opponent (delay of play, blocking with hands and feet, etc.). in such cases, the ball is passed to the opponent to be thrown out. After the eleventh foul during the half period, a foul during an unsuccessful shot by the opponent is punishable by two free throws.

A technical foul is called for unsportsmanlike conduct by a player and is punishable by two penalty points, which is committed by any player on the opposing team.

Rules of time.

Some timing rules are extremely important. 30 sec rule. says that in 30 sec. The throwing attack must be completed by throwing into the opponent's basket.

3 sec rule. states that an attacker cannot remain in the opponent's free throw area for more than 3 seconds.

10 sec rule. implies that the attacking team must, after a throw-out carried out in its half of the court, no longer than 10 seconds later. bring the ball into the opponent's half, after which the attacking team cannot return the ball to their own half.

On-court judges and panel of judges.

Basketball matches are judged by 2 referees on the court. When making decisions, judges cannot challenge each other's decisions. At the table panel of judges are: 1st referee - timekeeper, responsible for the net time of the match, 2nd referee - timekeeper, responsible for the 30 sec rule, referee - scorekeeper, recording the points received, comments in the personal cards of the players, current result and offside position.

Playing technique

Playing technique is a set of techniques that has developed in the process of basketball development that allows you to most successfully solve specific competitive problems.

Basketball technique falls into two large sections:

Attack technique is divided into a) movement technique, b) ball possession technique;

Defense technique is divided into a) movement technique, b) ball selection technique and counteraction;

Attack technique.

A) Movement technique.

To move around the court, a basketball player uses walking, running, jumping, stopping, and turning. Movement is the basis of basketball technique. With the help of these techniques, the player can choose the right place, break away from the enemy guarding him and go out in the right direction for the subsequent attack, and achieve the most convenient, well-balanced starting positions for performing other techniques.

Walking.

Walking is used mainly to change positions during short pauses or to reduce the intensity of game actions, as well as to change the pace of movement in combination with running.

Run.Running occupies a large place in the game and is the main means of transportation. The player must be able to perform accelerations within the court from a variety of starting positions, in any direction, face or back to front, and quickly change the direction and speed of running.

Jumping.

It is estimated that a skilled basketball player, on average, performs up to 130-140 jumps per game from various positions and with various tasks. There are two ways to perform a jump: a push with two legs and a push with one leg. A push jump with two legs is often performed from a standing position from the position of the main stance. The player quickly crouches down, moves his arms back slightly and raises his head. A running jump with two legs is usually used when making shots into the basket and when fighting for a rebound. A one-leg push jump is performed with a short run-up. Repulsion is carried out in such a way as to make maximum use of the inertial forces of the run-up. When performing a number of technical techniques with the ball in an unsupported position, the player’s ability to jump to a sufficient height without the active participation of his hands, quickly and in a timely manner is considered very important.

Stops.

In accordance with the game situation, the basketball player uses sharp, sudden stops, which, in combination with jerks and changes in the direction of running, make it possible to free himself from the enemy’s guard for some time and enter free space for further attacking actions. Stopping is carried out in two ways: by jumping and by two steps. In the first method, the player makes a low sliding jump as he moves, and, pushing off with one leg, he moves his body back and lands either on both legs at the same time, or first on the pushing leg, followed by a squat. The second stopping method uses the so-called two-step rhythm (two-step technique). Here the player takes the penultimate short step with a crouch and a shift from the center of gravity in the direction opposite to the movement. Then follows the last extended step, the player puts his foot forward with a stopping support on the heel and then rolls over the entire foot.

Turns.

The attacker uses turns to escape from the defender, covering the sword from being knocked out. There are two ways to turn - forward and backward. Turns to the front are those turns when steps are performed in the direction where the basketball player is facing, and back turns are those that are performed by steps in the direction where the basketball player's back is turned. When turning on the spot, the player transfers the main center of gravity of the body to one leg, which is like an axis of rotation. When performing a turn in motion, the player gets closer to the opponent and places the foot of the supporting leg turned in the direction of the intended turn.

B) Ball handling technique.

Ball handling techniques include the following techniques: catching, passing, dribbling and throwing the ball into the basket.

Catching the ball.

Catching the ball is a technique with which a player can confidently take possession of the ball and take further attacking actions with it. Catching a ball is initial position for subsequent passes, dribbles or throws, so the structure of the movement must ensure a clear and convenient execution of subsequent techniques.

Catching the ball with both hands.

The simplest and at the same time reliable way to master the ball is considered to be catching the ball with two hands. Preparatory phase: if the ball flies towards the player at chest or head level, you should extend your arms towards the ball, with relaxed fingers and hands forming a kind of funnel, slightly larger than the girth of the ball. Main phase: at the moment of contact with the ball, you need to clasp it with your fingers, bringing your hands closer together, and bend your arms in elbow joints, thereby pulling the ball towards the chest. Final phase: after the player receives the ball, the body moves slightly forward again; the ball, protected from the opponent by spread elbows, is brought into a position of readiness for subsequent actions.

Catching the ball with one hand.

When the playing environment does not allow you to reach the flying ball and catch it with both hands, you should catch the ball with one hand. Preparatory phase: the player extends his arm in such a way as to cross the flight path of the ball (the hand and fingers are not tense). Main phase: as soon as the ball touches the fingers, the hand must be moved back - down, as if continuing the flight of the ball (automated movement). The final phase: the ball must be supported with one hand, then firmly grasped with both hands so that you are ready to immediately act further.

Passing the ball.

Passing is a technique by which a player directs the ball to a partner to continue the attack. There are many in various ways passing the ball. They are used depending on a particular game situation, the distance to which the ball needs to be sent, the nature and methods of countering the opponents.

Passing with two hands from the chest is the main way to quickly and accurately direct the ball to a partner at close or medium distance in a relatively simple game environment, without close guarding by the opponent. Preparatory phase: hands with fingers spread freely grasp the ball held at waist level, elbows are lowered. Main phase: the ball is sent forward by sharply straightening the arms almost to failure with an additional movement of the hands, giving the ball a reverse rotation. Final phase: after the pass, the arms are relaxed down, the player straightens up, and then takes a position slightly legs bent.

Two-handed overhand passes are most often used over medium distances in conditions of close enemy guarding. Preparatory phase: the player lifts the ball with slightly bent arms above his head and brings it behind his head. Main phase: the player, with a sharp movement of his arms with extension at the elbow joints and a sweeping movement of the bones, directs the ball to his partner.

An underhand pass with two hands is used at a distance of 4-6 m in cases where the ball is caught below the knees or lifted from the court. Preparatory phase: the ball is in the hands, lowered down, the arms are slightly bent, the fingers are spread loosely on the ball. Main phase: by swinging the arms forward, combined with straightening them, the ball is sent in the desired direction.

A two-handed hand-to-hand pass is used to address the ball to a partner who is close to the player with the ball. Preparatory phase: the player extends his arms with the ball, crossing the direction of his partner’s movement. Main phase: the player first turns the ball so that the hands support it from the top and bottom, and then releases the ball.

The one-handed shoulder pass is the most common way to pass the ball at short to medium distances. Preparatory phase: hands with the ball are moved to the right shoulder so that the elbows do not rise; at the same time the player turns in the direction of the swing. Main phase: the ball is on the right hand, which immediately straightens with a simultaneous sweeping movement of the hand and a rotation of the torso. Final phase: after the ball has been released right hand for a short moment it seems to accompany him, and then relaxes down. The one-handed overhand pass is used when it is necessary to send the ball over medium and especially long distances. Preparatory phase: the player turns to throw in the direction of the pass, the hand with the ball is pulled back in the direction of the pass, the hand with the ball is pulled back to the side, the ball lies on the palm and is held with the fingers. Main phase: straightened hand with the ball with a powerful swinging movement in an upward arc reaches vertical position, and the other, bent at the elbow joint, maintains balance and limits the opponent’s opposition.

The one-handed pass from below is performed at close and medium distances in situations where the opponent is trying hard to intercept the pass from above. Preparatory phase: direct or slightly bent arm with the ball swung back, the ball lies on the palm, held by the fingers and centrifugal force. Main phase: the hand with the ball along the hip is carried forward upward.

The one-handed side pass is similar to the one-handed underhand pass. Preparatory phase: the swing is carried out by moving the hand with the ball back and turning the body accordingly. Main phase: the hand with the ball swings forward in a plane parallel to the court.

A one-handed toss pass solves the same problem as a two-handed hand-to-hand pass. The player extends his hand with the ball in his palm, crossing the direction of his partner’s movement. At the moment of approach, the player slightly throws the ball up with a short movement of the hand and fingers. The partner picks up the ball along the way and carries out the actions.

Dribbling.

Dribbling is a technique in basketball that allows a player to move the ball around the court with a wide range of speeds and in any direction. Dribbling is carried out by successive soft pushes of the ball with one hand downwards - forward, slightly away from the feet. The main movements are performed in the elbow and wrist joints.

Driving with changing speed.

Sudden changes in dribbling speed are used by the player to break away from the defender. The higher the rebound and the smaller its angle, the more speed promotion.

Leading with change of direction.

Used primarily for dribbling the opponent and passing to attack the basket. The change in direction is achieved by placing the hand on various points side surface of the ball, followed by straightening the arm in the desired direction.

Dribbling with changing rebound height.

Used for direct passage past the defender, without deviating to the side. The player approaches the opponent, dribbling the ball with a fairly high bounce, then strongly bends his legs, tilts his torso and lowers the ball almost to the court with his fully extended arm.

Dribbling with an asynchronous rhythm of movements of the hand with the ball and legs.

They are successfully used to dribble two or three opponents. This method of dribbling allows you to more freely and rationally use pushing movements of the legs and deviations of the body as feints.

Throwing into the basket.

A qualified basketball team makes an average of 65 - 70 field goals and up to 20 - 25 free throws during a match, the accuracy of which determines the achievement of victory over the opponent. Preparing to make a shot is the main content of a team's offensive game, and hitting the basket is its main goal. A basketball player, preparing to shoot, must assess the situation on the court, the possible intensity and method of counteraction of the guarding defender, real ways out to fight for the rebound and other points.

Throw with two hands from the chest.

Mainly used to attack the basket from long distances in the absence of active opposition from the defender. Preparatory phase: the ball is clasped with the fingers, forming a tight “bowl”, and brought to the level of the face, feet shoulder-width apart, slightly bent at the knees, one leg placed 30 - 40 cm forward. Main phase: arms are fully straightened upward - forward in a small arc, hands and fingers, opening, give the ball a light directing push; simultaneously with the movement of the arms, the legs also straighten. Final phase: after completing the throw, the arms are relaxed down, the player takes the starting position for the subsequent dash towards the backboard in order to fight for the rebound in case of a miss.

Throw with two hands from above.

It is advisable to use it from medium distances when the enemy is closely guarded. Preparatory phase: the ball is carried over the head with the arms slightly bent at the elbow joints, the torso is slightly leaned back. Basic vase: the arms are straightened up and forward, and a more energetic push is made with the hands and fingers. Final phase: similar to the previous method.

Throw with two hands from below.

It is performed primarily during rapid passes to the backboard and attacks on the basket in a long jump under the hands of the defender covering the ball. Preparatory phase: the player receives the ball in a movement under the right or left leg and then does long stride with the other foot and jumps towards the shield. Main phase: the player stretches out to the backboard as much as possible, extends his arms straight to the basket, the ball is released from his fingertips at the highest point, and an additional movement of the fingers gives it a reverse rotation. The final phase: the hands, as if accompanying the ball, rise up without tension.

One-handed shoulder throw: A fairly common way to attack the basket from a standing position from medium to long range. Preparatory phase: the player places right leg forward, turning your right shoulder towards the basket. Main phase: approximately at head level, the ball rests on the right hand, which begins to stretch forward and upward towards the basket. The final phase: after completing the throw, the hand seems to accompany the ball to the basket, and then relaxes down.

Overhead throw with one hand.

It is used more often than others to attack the basket on the move from close distances and directly from under the shield. Preparatory phase: the ball is caught under the right foot. Main part: at the highest point of the jump, the arm is straightened to bring the ball as close as possible to the basket, the ball is pushed out with a gentle movement of the fingers, and a reverse rotation is given to it. Final phase: the player lands on bent legs near the basket, assumes a balanced position and prepares to fight for the rebound in case of a miss.

Throw with one hand from above ("hook").

Most often used by center players to attack the basket from close and medium distances in conditions of active opposition from a tall defender. Preparatory phase: the player takes a step with his left foot away from the opponent, turns his left side towards the shield, slightly bending his left leg. Main phase: pushing off with the left foot, the player jumps up, at the same time the right hand with the ball is moved away from the body and also rises up in an arcuate movement.

Getting the ball.

In some game positions, when the ball bounces off the backboard on a bad shot or flies near the basket, the player does not have time to land with the ball, aim and shoot. In such cases, you should jump the ball into the basket with both hands or one hand.

Defense technique.

Defense techniques are divided into two main groups: a) movement techniques; b) technique of mastering the ball and countering.

A) Movement technique.

Rack.

The defender must be in a stable position with slightly bent legs and be always ready to make it difficult for the attacker to get out of a convenient position to attack the basket and receive the ball.

Stand with your leg forward.

It is used when holding a player with the ball, when it is necessary to prevent him from shooting into the basket or going under the backboard. A player with bent legs is usually located between the attacker and the shield. He puts one leg forward, extends his arm of the same name up - forward, preventing the expected throw, and puts the other hand to the side - down to prevent the ball from being dribbled in the direction most dangerous for the basket.

Stand with feet in line.

Used when marking a striker preparing in the middle part of the field for a pass with dribble to the right or left.

Movement.

The direction and nature of the defender's movement, as a rule, depend on the actions of the attacker. Therefore, the defender must always maintain a balanced position and be ready to move in any direction, all the time changing the direction of running to the sides, forward, backward (often backwards).

B) Technique for mastering the ball.

Snatching the ball.

If the defender managed to grab the ball, then first of all he must try to snatch it from the opponent’s hands. To do this, you need to grab the ball as deeply as possible with both hands, and then sharply jerk towards yourself, simultaneously turning your body.

Knocking out the ball.

Knocking the ball out of the opponent's hands. The defender gets closer to the attacker, actively preventing his actions with the ball. To do this, the defender performs shallow lunges with his arm extended towards the ball, then retreating to his starting position.

Knocking the ball while dribbling. At the moment the attacker begins to dribble, the defender retreats or slightly jumps back, leaving the opponent a direct path to the basket, and pursues him, pushing him to the sideline. Then the defender picks up the same speed as the attacker and, ahead of the dribbling rhythm, knocks the ball out with the hand closest to the opponent at the moment of receiving the ball that has bounced off the court.

Interception of the ball.

Interception of the ball during a pass. The success of this method of interception depends primarily on the timeliness and speed of the defender’s actions. In this case, the defender needs to gain the maximum possible speed within a short distance and get ahead of the opponent on the way to the flying ball. The defender cuts off the opponent's direct path to the ball with his shoulder and hands and takes possession of it.

Stealing the ball while dribbling.

It is carried out at the moment when the defender catches up with the attacker dribbling the ball. To do this, the defender needs to adapt to the rhythm and speed of dribbling the ball, and then, coming out from behind the attacker, a moment before him, take the bouncing ball onto the wrist of his nearest hand and continue to dribble the ball himself, but in a different direction.

Covering the ball when throwing.

The defender, who has some advantage over the attacker in height and jump, must try to prevent the ball from flying out of his hands when throwing. Covering the ball can be done while the opposing player is securing the ball. When covering the ball, you must avoid moving your entire arm (or arms) from top to bottom, as this often leads to personal errors, especially when countering a throw with two hands or one hand from below.

Hitting the ball during a jump shot.

Effectively countering a jump shot is a very difficult task, requiring the defender to mobilize all his strength, skill and attention. The best time to hit the ball from its flight path into the basket is the moment when the ball leaves the fingertips and is no longer controlled by the attacker. The defender must quickly come out to counter the jump shot since the time from the moment of repulsion to the moment of release of the ball is only 0.18 - 0.20 seconds.

Taking possession of the ball while fighting for a rebound near your backboard.

It is very important for each player of the defending team to be able to confidently take possession of the ball that has bounced off his backboard or basket, since the team has to perform this operation on average 25 - 30 times per match. After the attacker's throw, the defender must block the opponent's path to the shield, take a stable position, and then fight for the rebound, jumping out quickly and in a timely manner to take possession of the ball. The jump is performed by pushing with either one or two legs after a short run-up or from a standstill. Having jumped high and taken possession of the ball, when landing, the player spreads his legs wide and bends his torso in order to prevent the opponent from taking an advantageous position in relation to the backboard and the ball in conditions of a power struggle. Then, with an energetic movement of the arms, the ball is pulled towards the body and covered with the help of widely spaced elbows.

Literature

1. Physical education and Sports small encyclopedia (Guseva G.V., Kondrashova N.M., Milyutina V.P., 1992)

2. Sports games. Textbook for physics. Inst. Ed. Portnykh Yu. I.M. 1975:

3. Basketball textbook for physical education institutes. Ed. N.V. Semashko. "Physical education and sports", 1976

4. Basketball exercises. "Physical Education and Sports", 1972

“Physical education basketball” - Nowadays basketball is very popular. Violating the rules or attacking from behind is a foul. Historical outline of the development of the game. The ball going out of bounds is called an out. Basketball is also included in the Summer Olympic Games. The emergence of the game. Development of basketball in foreign countries. Basketball. Later the number of players was reduced to 7, and then to 5.

“Basketball Tournament” - Information about the tournament is heard on the waves of city radio stations. SITES LENIZDAT.RU and FONTANKA.RU. Felix Titov. The first tournament took place in the fall of 1995. Electronic magazine "pressing". Media teams or teams of journalists take part in the tournament. Organizers. ARTICLE IN THE NEWSPAPER “IZVESTIA” (St. Petersburg).

“Children’s basketball” - 3) “What, in your opinion, are the reasons for the lack of motivation among children to play sports (basketball) in the Russian Federation?” Results: A) 11 B) 5 C) 4 D) 0. Questioning of basketball coaches working in the Youth Sports School. Research methods: Purpose of the work: “Identify problems in the development of children's basketball in the Russian Federation." Results of answers to questions:

“Basketball Notes” - Modern educational technologies: gaming, health-saving, research. Lesson topic: Techniques for catching and passing the ball in motion, throwing with one hand in motion. The lesson is accompanied by: Power Point presentation, accompanied by visual materials. Lesson objectives: 1.Improving the technique of catching and passing the ball on the spot. 2. Study of the technique of catching and passing the ball in motion; throw with one hand in motion. 3.Development of coordination qualities, jumping, speed and strength qualities. 4. Fostering discipline, hard work, and activity.

"Basic Rules of Basketball" - Avoid collisions. Basketball. Technique of playing in defense. Ways to pass the ball in basketball. Pass with two hands from the chest. One-handed shoulder pass. Films of programs. It is necessary to try to push the attacker towards the side line. Rules for the prevention of injuries. Skills and exercises.

“Rules of Basketball” - Whether a player in the frontcourt has the right to pass the ball. Does the player with the ball have the right to take more than 2 steps? What fouls can referees impose on coaches and assistant coaches. Is it possible to replace players during the game? Who gives the right for the team to enter the field. In what cases does the 5 second rule apply?

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Basketball in besieged Leningrad On January 1, 1941, there were more than 82 thousand basketball players in the country. By this time, the formation of the national basketball school had been completed. In January 1943, shortly before the siege of Leningrad was broken, workers of the Kirov plant, located a few kilometers from the front line, played a friendly Russian hockey match with Dynamo on their site. Even earlier, in the summer of 1942, basketball players gradually began to train. And in the spring of 1943, in the gym equipped in one of the workshops of plant No. 77 named after. K. Liebknecht, the first official basketball match took place during the days of the blockade. The hosts met with the team of General Bystrov's unit.

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In August '43 at the stadium. Lenin, two summer city basketball championships began. Since the fall of 1943, Dynamo players trained at the Vyborg House of Culture. In 1943, the first friendly match was held with the Estonian Corps team. In August '43 at the stadium. Lenin, two summer city basketball championships began. Since the fall of 1943, Dynamo players trained at the Vyborg House of Culture. In 1943, the first friendly match was held with the Estonian Corps team. On January 27, 1944, fireworks thundered in Leningrad in honor of its complete liberation from the siege, and already in February a basketball blitz tournament dedicated to this event took place. The winners were the basketball players of the House of the Red Army, who at the end of last year acquired their own gym on 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya Street (Alexei Selivanov, Valentin Leskov, Vladimir Ulyanov, Vasily Kurkov, Nikolai Redon and others). The second place was taken by the capital's Lokomotiv, for which Honored Master of Sports Evgeny Alekseev, Igor Belyaev, Vladimir Kostin, Evgeny Pyrkin and others played. The third was the team of the Estonian Corps, where, in addition to Lysov and Dudkin, Evgeniy Tilling, Ants Käbi, Eriksson, Press, Keres, the brother of the international grandmaster, played. Sportsmen from factory No. 77, as well as Alexander Novozhilov, Valentin Yanushevsky and Dmitry Frolov, competed for “Burevestnik” (4th place).

Beneficial sport In addition to its immediate function - keeping fit - this sport has positive effect good health thanks physical activity, characterized by variable intensity. Basketball improves the functioning of the visual and motor systems, the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and coordination of movements. In addition to its beneficial effect on human health, playing basketball contributes to the development of self-control, increased endurance, initiative and creative thinking, courage and determination. Systematic training also leads to the formation of independence, perseverance and determination.

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Introduction

Basketball history

Rules of the game

Playing technique

Conclusion

Bibliography.

Introduction.

In modern life, the use of physical exercises is increasingly aimed not at achieving high results, but at increasing their health-improving effect on the general public. To solve such a global problem, the most effective means are, first of all, sports games.

Basketball is one of the means of physical development and education of youth.

Basketball is one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; walking, running, stopping, turning, jumping, catching, throwing and dribbling the ball, carried out in single combat with opponents. Such diverse movements help improve metabolism, the functioning of all body systems, and form coordination.

Basketball history

The United States of America is considered to be the birthplace of basketball. The game was invented in December 1891 at the YMCA training center in Springfield, Massachusetts. To spice up gymnastics lessons, a young teacher, Dr. James Naismith, born in 1861 in Ramsay, Ontario, Canada, came up with a new game. He attached to the balcony railings two fruit baskets made of peaches without a bottom, into which it was necessary to throw a soccer ball (hence the name basket, ball). The concept of basketball originated in his school years, while playing duck-on-a-rock. The meaning of this game, popular at that time, was as follows: by tossing one small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another larger stone with it. Already, as a physical education teacher and college professor in Springfield, D. Naismith was faced with the problem of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between baseball and football competitions. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to invent an indoor game. A year later, D. Naismith, in less than an hour, sitting at his desk in his office, developed the first 13 points of basketball rules:

1. The ball can be thrown in any direction with one or two hands.

2. The ball can be hit with one or two hands in any direction, but in no case with a fist.

3. The player cannot run after the ball. The player must pass or throw the ball into the basket from the point where he caught it, with the exception of a player running at good speed.

4. The ball must be held with one or two hands. Do not use your forearms or body to hold the ball.

5. In any case, hitting, grabbing, holding and pushing the opponent is not allowed. The first violation of this rule by any player shall be recorded as a foul (dirty play); a second foul disqualifies him until the next goal is scored and, if there was obvious intent to injure a player, for the entire game, no substitution is allowed.

6. Hitting the ball with your fist is a violation of rules 2 and 4, the punishment is described in paragraph 5.

7. If both sides commit three fouls in a row, they must be called a goal for the opponents (this means that the opponents must not commit a single foul during this time).

8. A goal is counted if the ball thrown or bounced off the floor hits the basket and remains there. Defensive players are not allowed to touch the ball or basket while shooting. If the ball touches the rim and the opponents move the basket, a goal is scored.

9. If the ball goes into touch (out of bounds), then it must be thrown into the field by the first player who touched it. In case of a dispute, the referee must throw the ball into the field. The thrower is allowed to hold the ball for five seconds. If he holds it longer, the ball is given to the opponent. If either side tries to stall, the referee must give them a foul.

10. The referee must monitor the actions of the players and fouls, and also notify the referee about three fouls committed in a row. He is vested with the power to disqualify players under Rule 5.

11. The referee must watch the ball and determine when the ball is in play (in bounds) and when it goes out of bounds (out of bounds), which side should be in possession of the ball, and any other actions that a referee would normally perform.

12. The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes each with a break of 5 minutes between them.

13. The side that scores more goals in this period of time is the winner.

But already the first matches under these rules caused their changes. Although most of them are still in effect today. Fans on the balconies caught flying balls and tried to throw them into the opponent’s basket. Therefore, shields soon appeared, which became protection for the basket. On February 12, 1892, having studied the rules and mastered the basics of technique, the students of Springfield College, in the presence of a hundred spectators, played the first “official” match in the history of basketball, which ended peacefully with a result of 2:2. Its success was so resounding, and word of the new game spread so quickly that soon the two Springfield teams began holding exhibition matches, attracting hundreds of spectators to their performances. Their initiative was picked up by students from other colleges, and the very next year the entire American northeast was gripped by basketball fever. Already in 1893, iron rings with mesh appeared. The new game turned out to be so interesting and dynamic that in 1894 the first official rules were published in the USA. At the same time, basketball from the USA penetrates first to the East - to Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. In 1895, free throws were introduced from a distance of 5m 25cm. Dribbling in all its variations was legalized in 1896.

The spontaneous formation of amateur teams and leagues led to the fact that students sought to play exclusively basketball, preferring it not only to such traditional sports as American football and baseball, but also to gymnastics, beloved by college trustees. Officials of the Youth Christian Association, heeding the complaints of opponents of the new trend, practically slammed the doors of student sports halls. However, their desire to ban a new sport that was rapidly gaining popularity was like trying to manually stop a speeding train.

10 years later, at the Olympic Games in St. Louis (USA), the Americans organized an exhibition tournament between teams from several cities.

The birthplace of domestic basketball is St. Petersburg. The first mention of this game in our country belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports, St. Petersburg resident Georgy Dupperon, and it dates back to 1901.

Already in 1909, an event took place that became a definite milestone in the history of not only domestic, but also world basketball. A group of members of the American Christian Association came to St. Petersburg. A basketball team was made up of them, which, to the general joy of St. Petersburg residents, lost to the local “purple” team with a score of 19:28. This historic meeting is called the first international basketball match. Thus, it turns out that Russia became the venue for the first international basketball match on the planet.

In 1920, it was included in the school curriculum, where it was studied along with football as a compulsory discipline. Also at this time, national basketball federations began to be actively created, and the first international meetings were held. So in 1919, a basketball tournament took place between the army teams of the United States, Italy and France. In 1923, the first international women's tournament was held in France. The game is gaining increasing popularity and recognition in the world, and in 1935 the International Olympic Committee decided to recognize basketball as an Olympic sport. Teams from 21 countries took part in the basketball tournament. The matches were held on outdoor tennis courts, all subsequent Olympic tournaments were held indoors. Team USA became the first Olympic champion

In the first half of the 1950s, basketball began to lose its inherent competitive edge. It was necessary to make a number of changes and additions to the rules to revive it. The most important of these additions were:

- introduction of the 30-second rule (the team in possession of the ball must throw the ball into the basket within this time);

Expanding the area of ​​the zone in which offensive players were not allowed to remain for more than three seconds.

Women's basketball made its Olympic debut in 1976 in Montreal. Six teams participated in the tournament. The first Olympic champions were the basketball players of the USSR national team.

The first European Women's Championship was held in Rome in 1938, which was won by Italian basketball players. The USSR national team became the European champion 21 times (1950-1956, 1960-1991).

James Naismith created the game of all peoples of the world, a game of speed, dexterity and ingenuity.

Rules of the game "basketball".

Here are some excerpts from the official rules of basketball.
Basketball is played by two teams, each with five players. The goal of each team in basketball is to score the opponent's basket and prevent the other team from gaining possession of the ball and throwing it into the basket.

The winner in basketball is the team that has scored the most points at the end of playing time.

The basketball court must be a flat, rectangular, hard surface without any obstructions. The dimensions should be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide.

Basketball backboards with a basket must be made of an appropriate transparent material or painted white. Dimensions basketball backboards should be: 1.80 m horizontally and 1.05 m vertically.

Basketball hoops must be made of durable steel, with an internal diameter of 45 cm. The hoop rod must have a minimum diameter of 16 mm and a maximum of 20 mm. At the bottom of the ring there should be devices for attaching the nets.

The basketball should be spherical and orange in color with the traditional pattern of eight panels and black stitching. The circumference of the ball must be no less than 74.9 cm and no more than 78 cm. The weight of the ball must be no less than 567 g and no more than 650 g.

According to the rules of basketball, the game consists of four periods of ten minutes with breaks of two minutes. The duration of the break between halves of the game is fifteen minutes. If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, the game will be extended for an additional period of five minutes or as many periods of five minutes as necessary to break the tie. Teams must switch baskets before the third period. The game officially begins with a jump ball in the center circle when the ball is correctly tapped by one of the contestants.

In basketball, the ball is played only with your hands. It is a violation to run with the ball, deliberately kick it, block it with any part of the foot, or punch it. Accidental contact or touching the ball with your foot or leg is not a violation.

If a player accidentally throws the ball from the court into his own basket, the points are credited to the opposing captain.

If a player intentionally throws the ball off the court into his own basket, it is a violation and no points will be counted.

If a player forces the ball to enter the basket from below, it is a violation. A turn occurs when a player holds a live ball on the court and steps one or more times in any direction with the same foot while the other foot, called the pivot foot, maintains its point of contact with the floor.

Each time a player gains control of a live ball on the court, a shot attempt at the basket must be completed by his team within twenty-four seconds.

Here are just a few important excerpts from the rules of basketball. In general, the official basketball rules of the International Basketball Federation are a large hundred-page manual that sets out all the nuances of the rules.

Technique of the game.

You can get the most pleasure from the game if you learn to correctly perform the basic techniques of the game - passing, dribbling, throwing into the basket, defending, rebounding and finishing off a ball that bounces off the backboard. The most important first rule is when in possession of the ball, hold it with your fingers and never clasp it with your palms.

Transfers – the simplest and most effective way to advance the ball to the opponent’s basket. Their main types are: passes with two hands from the chest, two hands from below, one hand from the shoulder, one and two hands with a rebound from the floor.

To catch the ball, you need to extend your arms towards it with your fingers spread and, as soon as it touches your fingers, bend your arms, pulling the ball towards your chest.

The technique of the transfers themselves is simple. They usually require a small swing and a “shooting” movement of the hand with the ball in the direction of the partner.

Dribbling . A player can move with the ball on the court only by successively hitting it on the floor with one or the other hand. When dribbling the ball you need to follow a few simple rules:

Pushing the ball into the floor is carried out mainly by the movement of the fingers and hand. Hitting the ball with your palm will be a mistake.

You should not look down at the ball - you should keep your head up to see other players and the court as a whole.

When dribbling with the right hand, the ball is held slightly to the side, in front - to the right, and with the left hand - to the side, in front - to the left.

When dribbling, the player must position himself between the ball and the defender. His legs are bent and his body is tilted forward. This position protects the ball from the defender, provides sufficient speed and allows you to avoid dribbling errors.

Throwing the ball into the basket .

There are the following ways to throw the ball into the basket:

Throw from under the basket with one hand from above

Standing one-handed throw

Jump throw

Shield Throw

Conclusion.

Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical education movement.

In the public education system, basketball is included in physical education programs for preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education.

Basketball is an exciting athletic game that is an effective means of physical education. It is no coincidence that it is very popular among schoolchildren.

The variety of technical and tactical actions of playing basketball and the gaming activity itself have unique properties for the formation of vital skills and abilities of schoolchildren, the comprehensive development of their physical and mental qualities. The mastered motor actions of playing basketball and associated physical exercises are effective means of promoting health and recreation and can be used by a person throughout his life in independent forms of physical education.

Bibliography.

1.Basketball. Directory. M., 1993

2. Basketball. Competition rules. M., 1996.

3.Basketball: Textbook for physical education institutes // Under. Ed.

Yu.M.Portnova. – M: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

4. Basketball: Textbook for universities of physical education // Under. Ed. M. Portnova. – M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.

5. Valtin A.I. “Mini-basketball at school.” - M.: Education, 1996.

6. John R., Wooden Modern basketball. - M: Physical culture and sport, 1997.